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Macroelements are vital in human health and their relationships with OA are not clear. Clarifying the relationships between macroelements and OA may assist knee OA management. Methods: This study was a post-hoc analysis using data from a two-year randomized controlled trial among 392 participants with knee OA. Dietary macroelements, including calcium, magnesium, potassium, and phosphorus were computed-based on a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Knee joint structures (including cartilage volume, cartilage defect, bone marrow lesions, and effusion-synovitis volume), OA symptoms, quality of life, and OA comorbid conditions (including lower limb muscle strength and depressive symptoms) were assessed at baseline and month 24. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Index and depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and months 3, 6, 12, and 24. Quality of life and lower limb muscle strength were assessed at baseline and months 6, 12, and 24. All analyses were conducted using mixed-effects models. Results: Higher dietary magnesium and potassium were associated with fewer OA symptoms, higher quality of life, greater lower limb muscle strength, and fewer depressive symptoms, but not with knee joint structures. Higher dietary calcium and phosphorus was not associated with any of the OA-related outcomes, except that dietary phosphorus was associated with greater lower limb muscle strength. Conclusions: In the longitudinal analyses, higher dietary magnesium and potassium intake are associated with fewer OA symptoms, higher quality of life, and milder comorbid conditions in patients with knee OA, suggesting dietary magnesium and potassium may have beneficial effects on OA and could be used for knee OA management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14173576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:13:56Z","timestamp":1661904836000},"page":"3576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Associations of Dietary Macroelements with Knee Joint Structures, Symptoms, Quality of Life, and Comorbid Conditions in People with Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China"},{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China"},{"name":"Department of Spinal Surgery, Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengfa","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianwei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peihua","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaohua","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3572-3690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoshuai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita E.","family":"Wluka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Cicuttini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangfeng","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China"},{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia"},{"name":"Clinical Research Centre, Guangzhou First People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changhai","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern 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