{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:59:46Z","timestamp":1787029186308,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Community\u2019s 7th Framework Programme","award":["242187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242187"]}]},{"name":"European Community\u2019s 7th Framework Programme","award":["200310013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200310013"]}]},{"name":"European Community\u2019s 7th Framework Programme","award":["2203\/7. PR\/2011\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2203\/7. PR\/2011\/2"]}]},{"name":"European Community\u2019s 7th Framework Programme","award":["1527-B-226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1527-B-226"]}]},{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw)","award":["242187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242187"]}]},{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw)","award":["200310013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200310013"]}]},{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw)","award":["2203\/7. PR\/2011\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2203\/7. PR\/2011\/2"]}]},{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw)","award":["1527-B-226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1527-B-226"]}]},{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science","award":["242187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242187"]}]},{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science","award":["200310013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200310013"]}]},{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science","award":["2203\/7. PR\/2011\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2203\/7. PR\/2011\/2"]}]},{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science","award":["1527-B-226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1527-B-226"]}]},{"name":"Odense University Free Research Fund","award":["242187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242187"]}]},{"name":"Odense University Free Research Fund","award":["200310013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200310013"]}]},{"name":"Odense University Free Research Fund","award":["2203\/7. PR\/2011\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2203\/7. PR\/2011\/2"]}]},{"name":"Odense University Free Research Fund","award":["1527-B-226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1527-B-226"]}]},{"name":"NIHR Clinical Research Network: Eastern","award":["242187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242187"]}]},{"name":"NIHR Clinical Research Network: Eastern","award":["200310013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200310013"]}]},{"name":"NIHR Clinical Research Network: Eastern","award":["2203\/7. PR\/2011\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2203\/7. PR\/2011\/2"]}]},{"name":"NIHR Clinical Research Network: Eastern","award":["1527-B-226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1527-B-226"]}]},{"name":"CAIBER","award":["242187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242187"]}]},{"name":"CAIBER","award":["200310013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200310013"]}]},{"name":"CAIBER","award":["2203\/7. PR\/2011\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2203\/7. PR\/2011\/2"]}]},{"name":"CAIBER","award":["1527-B-226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1527-B-226"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency is a common finding in overweight\/obese pregnant women and is associated with increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcome. Both maternal vitamin D deficiency and maternal obesity contribute to metabolic derangements in pregnancy. We aimed to assess the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation in pregnancy versus placebo on maternal and fetal lipids. Main inclusion criteria were: women &lt;20 weeks\u2019 gestation, BMI \u2265 29 kg\/m2. Eligible women (n = 154) were randomized to receive vitamin D3 (1600 IU\/day) or placebo. Assessments were performed &lt;20, 24\u201328 and 35\u201337 weeks and at birth. Linear regression models were used to assess effects of vitamin D on maternal and cord blood lipids. In the vitamin D group significantly higher total 25-OHD and 25-OHD3 levels were found in maternal and cord blood compared with placebo. Adjusted regression models did not reveal any differences in triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C, free fatty acids, ketone bodies or leptin between groups. Neonatal sum of skinfolds was comparable between the two groups, but correlated positively with cord blood 25-OH-D3 (r = 0.34, p = 0.012). Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy increases maternal and cord blood vitamin D significantly resulting in high rates of vitamin D sufficiency. Maternal and cord blood lipid parameters were unaffected by Vitamin D3 supplementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14183781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T23:16:36Z","timestamp":1663197396000},"page":"3781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Overweight\/Obese Pregnant Women: No Effects on the Maternal or Fetal Lipid Profile and Body Fat Distribution\u2014A Secondary Analysis of the Multicentric, Randomized, Controlled Vitamin D and Lifestyle for Gestational Diabetes Prevention Trial (DALI)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2508-9403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Harreiter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gender Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian C.","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08025 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0560-0761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macarthur Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2560, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5715-3230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gernot","family":"Desoye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7837-4684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roland","family":"Devlieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Fertility, GZA Sint-Augustinus, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4254-6664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sander","family":"Galjaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2067-5246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Damm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Departments of Endocrinology and Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth R.","family":"Mathiesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Departments of Endocrinology and Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorte M.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise Lotte T.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3682-9403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fidelma","family":"Dunne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Facility (CRF) and National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annunziata","family":"Lapolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universita Degli Studi di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3011-0521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria G.","family":"Dalfra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universita Degli Studi di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Bertolotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana , 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5492-8651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Wender-Ozegowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction, Medical Faculty I, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-525 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Zawiejska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction, Medical Faculty I, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-525 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2490-5678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith G. M.","family":"Jelsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank J.","family":"Snoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christof","family":"Worda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagmar","family":"Bancher-Todesca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5694-4324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mireille N. M.","family":"van Poppel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5055-6814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Corcoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08025 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3520-4105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Kautzky-Willer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gender Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Gender Institute, La Pura, 3571 Gars am Kamp, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the DALI Core Investigator Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2012-1000","article-title":"The nonskeletal effects of vitamin D: An endocrine society scientific statement","volume":"33","author":"Rosen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17030","DOI":"10.1038\/boneres.2017.30","article-title":"New insights into the vitamin D requirements during pregnancy","volume":"5","author":"Hollis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"CD013446","article-title":"Regimens of vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy","volume":"10","author":"Palacios","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.11.2437","article-title":"Prepregnancy obesity predicts poor vitamin D status in mothers and their neonates","volume":"137","author":"Bodnar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2882","article-title":"Maternal obesity and vitamin d sufficiency are associated with cord blood vitamin D insufficiency","volume":"98","author":"Josefson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geraghty, A.A., Alberdi, G., O\u2019Sullivan, E.J., O\u2019Brien, E.C., Crosbie, B., Twomey, P.J., and McAuliffe, F.M. (2017). Maternal and fetal blood lipid concentrations during pregnancy differ by maternal body mass index: Findings from the ROLO study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-017-1543-x"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e90","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-0200","article-title":"IADPSG and WHO 2013 gestational diabetes mellitus criteria identify obese women with marked insulin resistance in early pregnancy","volume":"39","author":"Harreiter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-115225","article-title":"The effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipid profiles in patients with gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"49","author":"Akbari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2013.10.010","article-title":"Effect of treatment of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency during pregnancy on fetal growth indices and maternal weight gain: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"172","author":"Hashemipour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-021-02695-w","article-title":"Relationship of maternal obesity and vitamin D concentrations with fetal growth in early pregnancy","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e039905","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039905","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in relation to lipids and clinical outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: An observational cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2016.10.3.328","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic indices and hs-CRP levels in gestational diabetes mellitus patients: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Yazdchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-018-1008-2","article-title":"Maternal non-glycemic contributors to fetal growth in obesity and gestational diabetes: Spotlight on lipids","volume":"18","author":"Barbour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Diab. Rep."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1097","article-title":"Maternal and neonatal circulating markers of metabolic and cardiovascular risk in the metformin in gestational diabetes (MIG) trial: Responses to maternal metformin versus insulin treatment","volume":"36","author":"Barrett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.123752","article-title":"Maternal vitamin D concentrations during pregnancy, fetal growth patterns, and risks of adverse birth outcomes","volume":"103","author":"Miliku","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jelsma, J.G., van Poppel, M.N., Galjaard, S., Desoye, G., Corcoy, R., Devlieger, R., van Assche, A., Timmerman, D., Jans, G., and Harreiter, J. (2013). DALI: Vitamin D and lifestyle intervention for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevention: An european multicentre, randomised trial-study protocol. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-142"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"903","article-title":"Effect of physical activity and\/or healthy eating on GDM risk: The DALI lifestyle study","volume":"102","author":"Simmons","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0418","article-title":"Nutritional lifestyle intervention in obese pregnant women, including lower carbohydrate intake, is associated with increased maternal free fatty acids, 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate, and fasting glucose concentrations: A secondary factorial analysis of the european multicenter, randomized controlled DALI lifestyle intervention trial","volume":"42","author":"Harreiter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.04.006","article-title":"The DALI vitamin D randomized controlled trial for gestational diabetes mellitus prevention: No major benefit shown besides vitamin d sufficiency","volume":"39","author":"Corcoy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.463","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: Double-blind, randomized clinical trial of safety and effectiveness","volume":"26","author":"Hollis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000142303.49306.0D","article-title":"Development and validation of a pregnancy physical activity questionnaire","volume":"36","author":"Schmidt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"193","article-title":"Evaluation of a diabetes knowledge and behaviour (DKB) questionnaire","volume":"3","author":"Simmons","year":"1994","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)37617-3","article-title":"Longitudinal study on lipoprotein profile, high density lipoprotein subclass, and postheparin lipases during gestation in women","volume":"37","author":"Alvarez","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-64-4-704","article-title":"Correlation of hormones with lipid and lipoprotein levels during normal pregnancy and postpartum","volume":"64","author":"Desoye","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Motamed, S., Nikooyeh, B., Kashanian, M., Chamani, M., Hollis, B.W., and Neyestani, T.R. (2020). Evaluation of the efficacy of two doses of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic, lipidemic and oxidative stress biomarkers during pregnancy: A randomized clinical trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03311-1"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1159\/000447433","article-title":"Vitamin D3-supplemented yogurt drink improves insulin resistance and lipid profiles in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A randomized double blinded clinical trial","volume":"68","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Ajlan, A., Krishnaswamy, S., Alokail, M.S., Aljohani, N.J., Al-Serehi, A., Sheshah, E., Alshingetti, N.M., Fouda, M., Turkistani, I.Z., and Al-Daghri, N.M. (2015). Vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia in early pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0751-5"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perichart-Perera, O., Avila-Sosa, V., Solis-Paredes, J.M., Montoya-Estrada, A., Reyes-Munoz, E., Rodriguez-Cano, A.M., Gonzalez-Leyva, C.P., Sanchez-Martinez, M., Estrada-Gutierrez, G., and Irles, C. (2022). Vitamin D deficiency, excessive gestational weight gain, and oxidative stress predict small for gestational age newborns using an artificial neural network model. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11030574"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.02.019","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"103","author":"Pasupuleti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.037473","article-title":"Maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy is associated with adiposity in the offspring: Findings from the southampton women\u2019s survey","volume":"96","author":"Crozier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Razaghi, M., Gharibeh, N., Vanstone, C.A., Sotunde, O.F., Wei, S.Q., McNally, D., Rauch, F., Jones, G., and Weiler, H.A. (2022). Maternal excess adiposity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <50 nmol\/L are associated with elevated whole body fat mass in healthy breastfed neonates. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04403-w"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0032-2","article-title":"Association between maternal mid-gestation vitamin D status and neonatal abdominal adiposity","volume":"42","author":"Tint","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2014.08.006","article-title":"The childhood obesity epidemic as a result of nongenetic evolution: The maternal resources hypothesis","volume":"90","author":"Archer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18770-4","article-title":"The effect of maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy on body fat and adipogenesis in rat offspring","volume":"8","author":"Wen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e983401","DOI":"10.4161\/19381980.2014.983401","article-title":"Vitamin D and inflammation","volume":"6","author":"Cannell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatoendocrinology"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/14\/18\/3781\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:30:55Z","timestamp":1760142655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/14\/18\/3781"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["nu14183781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14183781","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]]}}}