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The present study aimed to examine the joint association of several modifiable lifestyle factors with mortality risk for NAFLD patients. Methods: We collected lifestyle behavior data form the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III from 1988 to 1994 and follow-up data form NHANES III-linked mortality data through 2015. We estimated joint association between four healthy lifestyle factors (non-smoking, non-drinking, regular physical activity, a healthy diet) after NAFLD diagnosis and mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: During a median of 22.83 years of follow-up, 2932 deaths occurred. The risk of all-cause mortality decreased significantly with the healthy lifestyle scores increasing (p &lt; 0.001). NAFLD patients with a favorable lifestyle (3 or 4 healthy lifestyle factors) reduced 36% of all-cause mortality and 43% of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality compared with those with an unfavorable lifestyle (0 or 1 healthy lifestyle factor) (HR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.50\u20130.81], 0.57 [95% CI, 0.37\u20130.88]). Compared with the non-NAFLD group, the number of NAFLD patients required to adhere to a favorable lifestyle to prevent one cardiovascular disease death in 20 years was fewer (77 vs. 125). Conclusions: For the NAFLD patients, adopting a healthy lifestyle could significantly reduce their risk of death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14183785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T23:16:36Z","timestamp":1663197396000},"page":"3785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Healthy Lifestyle Is Associated with Reduced Mortality in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Chengxiao","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, China International Cooperation Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"},{"name":"The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, China International Cooperation Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, China International Cooperation Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, China International Cooperation Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, China International Cooperation Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, China International Cooperation Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quanrongzi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijun","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Infection Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, China International Cooperation Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ci","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, China International Cooperation Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"},{"name":"Research Units of Cohort Study on Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, 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