{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T10:04:50Z","timestamp":1780999490119,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) is a vital regulator of optimal vitamin D homeostasis and bioavailability. Apart from its well-documented role as a key component in vitamin D dynamic transfer and circulation, it has a myriad of immunoregulatory functions related to innate immunity, which becomes particularly critical in states of increased immunological tolerance including pregnancy. In this regard, VDBP dyshomeostasis is considered to contribute to the development of several fetal, maternal, and neonatal adverse outcomes. However, precise physiological pathways, including the contribution of specific VDBP polymorphisms behind such phenomena, are yet to be fully deciphered. Our aim was to assess the combined effect of maternal and neonatal VDBP polymorphism heterogeneity in conjunction with different maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D cutoffs on the neonatal anthropometric profile at birth. Methods: The study included data and samples from a cohort of 66 mother\u2013child pairs at birth. The inclusion criterion was full-term pregnancy (gestational weeks 37\u201342). Neonatal and maternal 25(OH)D cutoffs were included according to vitamin D status at birth and delivery. Concentrations of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 were measured using liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry. Results: The upper arm length of neonates with 25(OH)D \u2264 25 nmol\/L was higher in neonate CC carriers for rs2298850. The upper thigh neonatal circumference was also higher in the ones with either 25(OH)D \u2264 50 or \u226475 nmol\/L in rs2298850 CG + GG or rs4588 GT + TT carriers. We did not observe any significant effect for maternal VDBP polymorphisms nor for birth maternal 25(OH)D concentrations, on birth neonatal anthropometry. Conclusions: Our findings emphasize a potential role for neonatal VDBP genotypes rs2298850 and rs4588, in conjunction with specific neonatal 25(OH)D cutoffs, in the range of sufficiency on neonatal growth and development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14183799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T01:35:10Z","timestamp":1663292110000},"page":"3799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Maternal and Neonatal Vitamin D Binding Protein Polymorphisms and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Cutoffs as Determinants of Neonatal Birth Anthropometry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4225-2746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spyridon N.","family":"Karras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University, 55535 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3701-6674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erdin\u00e7","family":"Dursun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratories, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merve","family":"Alayl\u0131o\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratories, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duygu","family":"Gezen-Ak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratories, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Pilz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cedric","family":"Annweiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, Research Centre on Autonomy and Longevity, University Hospital, 49933 Angers, France"},{"name":"Robarts Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1993-6656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatme","family":"Al Anouti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.2174\/18756212MTA1DNTgkw","article-title":"Lifestyle, Maternal Nutrition and Healthy Pregnancy","volume":"19","author":"Mate","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.03.002","article-title":"Maternal Lifestyle Interventions: Targeting Preconception Health","volume":"31","author":"Moholdt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2020.01.015","article-title":"Exploring the causes and consequences of maternal metabolic maladaptations during pregnancy: Lessons from animal models","volume":"98","author":"Napso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-022-02451-x","article-title":"Epigenetics of pregnancy: Looking beyond the DNA code","volume":"39","author":"Zuccarello","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91340-1","article-title":"Infant Mortality, Childhood Nutrition, and Ischaemic Heart Disease in England and Wales","volume":"1","author":"Barker","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90710-1","article-title":"Weight in Infancy and Death from Ischaemic Heart Disease","volume":"2","author":"Barker","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.80","article-title":"Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy: The Mediterranean reality","volume":"68","author":"Karras","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f1169","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f1169","article-title":"Association between maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"346","author":"Aghajafari","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2010.00306.x","article-title":"Vitamin D inadequacy in pregnancy: Biology, outcomes, and interventions","volume":"68","author":"Dror","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.10.001","article-title":"Understanding vitamin D metabolism in pregnancy: From physiology to pathophysiology and clinical outcomes","volume":"86","author":"Karras","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-77","article-title":"An observational study reveals that neonatal vitamin D is primarily determined by maternal contributions: Implications of a new assay on the roles of vitamin D forms","volume":"12","author":"Karras","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/40.5.1057","article-title":"25-Hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D of D2 and D3 origin in maternal and umbilical cord serum after vitamin D2 supplementation in human pregnancy","volume":"40","author":"Markestad","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3109\/03014460.2014.954616","article-title":"Maternal vitamin D status and infant anthropometry in a US multi-centre cohort study","volume":"42","author":"Eckhardt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1479","article-title":"Maternal 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone Concentrations and Offspring Birth Size","volume":"91","author":"Morley","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516000623","article-title":"The association of maternal vitamin D status with infant birth outcomes, postnatal growth and adiposity in the first 2 years of life in a multi-ethnic Asian population: The Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort study","volume":"116","author":"Ong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451000022X","article-title":"Maternal early pregnancy vitamin D status in relation to fetal and neonatal growth: Results of the multi-ethnic Amsterdam Born Children and their Development cohort","volume":"104","author":"Leffelaar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3275","article-title":"Maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and measures of newborn and placental weight in a U.S. multicenter cohort study","volume":"98","author":"Gernand","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.119636","article-title":"Maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with small-for-gestational age births in white women","volume":"140","author":"Bodnar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602680","article-title":"Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and child outcomes","volume":"62","author":"Gale","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hauta-Alus, H.H., Viljakainen, H.T., Holmlund-Suila, E.M., Enlund-Cerullo, M., Rosendahl, J., Valkama, S.M., Helve, O.M., Hytinantti, T.K., M\u00e4kitie, O.M., and Andersson, S. (2017). Maternal vitamin D status, gestational diabetes and infant birth size. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-017-1600-5"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01352.x","article-title":"Maternal plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and birthweight, growth and bone mineral accretion of Gambian infants","volume":"98","author":"Prentice","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1086\/605699","article-title":"Perinatal outcomes, including mother-to-child transmission of HIV, and child mortality and their association with maternal vitamin D status in Tanzania","volume":"200","author":"Mehta","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2014.165","article-title":"Deficit of vitamin D in pregnancy and growth and overweight in the offspring","volume":"39","author":"Morales","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13074","article-title":"Associations of maternal circulating 25- hydroxyvitamin D3 concentration with pregnancy and birth outcomes","volume":"122","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-47","article-title":"Randomized placebo-controlled trial of high-dose prenatal third-trimester vitamin D3 supplementation in Bangladesh: The AViDD trial","volume":"12","author":"Roth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12751","article-title":"Supplementation of vitamin D in pregnancy and its correlation with fetomaternal outcome","volume":"83","author":"Sablok","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020443","article-title":"Diverse Effects of Combinations of Maternal-Neonatal VDR Polymorphisms and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations on Neonatal Birth Anthropometry: Functional Phenocopy Variability Dependence, Highlights the Need for Targeted Maternal 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Cut-Offs during Pregnancy","volume":"13","author":"Karras","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2016.188","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation and effects on humans: The paradigm of maternal vitamin D productionduring pregnancy","volume":"71","author":"Anastasiou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2015.33","article-title":"Vitamin D statusduring pregnancy: Time for a more unified approach beyond borders?","volume":"69","author":"Karras","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800094-6.00001-7","article-title":"Vitamin D binding protein: A multifunctional protein of clinical importance","volume":"63","author":"Speeckaert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(95)00104-8","article-title":"Plasma vitamin D-binding protein (Gc-globulin): Multiple tasks","volume":"53","author":"Haddad","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03021403","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic studies of vitamin D analogues: Relationship to vitamin D binding protein (DBP)","volume":"3","author":"Kissmeyer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1139\/y90-207","article-title":"Species differences in the binding kinetics of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to vitamin D binding protein","volume":"68","author":"Vieth","year":"1990","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00259","article-title":"Deconvoluting the Biological Roles of Vitamin D-Binding Protein During Pregnancy: A Both Clinical and Theoretical Challenge","volume":"9","author":"Karras","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"E928","article-title":"Expressions of vitamin D metabolic components VDBP, CYP2R1, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, and VDR in placentas from normal and preeclamptic pregnancies","volume":"303","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2812","article-title":"Vitamin D-binding protein and 25-hydroxyvitamin D during pregnancy in mothers whose children later developed type 1 diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Joner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1693","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001693","article-title":"Variants in vitamin D bind-ing protein gene are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"94","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2566","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0576","article-title":"Reduced serum vitamin D-binding protein levels are associated with type 1 diabetes","volume":"60","author":"Blanton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-1308","article-title":"Expression-Based Genome-Wide Association Study Links Vitamin D\u2013Binding Protein with Autoantigenicity in Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"65","author":"Kodama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karras, S.N., Dursun, E., Alayl\u0131o\u011flu, M., Gezen-Ak, D., Annweiler, C., Al Anouti, F., Fakhoury, H.M.A., Bais, A., and Kiortsis, D. (2021). Investigating the Role of Functional Polymorphism of Maternal and Neonatal Vitamin D Binding Protein in the Context of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Cutoffs as Determinants of Maternal-Neonatal Vitamin D Status Profiles in a Sunny Mediterranean Region. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093082"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2016.10.006","article-title":"Effects of maternal genetic polymorphisms in vitamin D-binding protein and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration on infant birth weight","volume":"35","author":"Chun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-10-46","article-title":"Misleading measures in Vitamin D analysis: A novel LC-MS\/MS assay to account for epimers and isobars","volume":"10","author":"Shah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Keeping, J.D. (1981). Determinants and Components of Size at Birth. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Aberdeen]."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385","article-title":"Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"96","author":"Holick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2175","article-title":"Global Consensus Recommendations on Prevention and Management of Nutritional Rickets","volume":"101","author":"Munns","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.228.189","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor gene haplotype is associated with late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"228","author":"Dursun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.11.013","article-title":"Vitamin D metabolic loci and vitamin D status in Black and White pregnant women","volume":"220","author":"Baca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.10.024","article-title":"Vitamin D pathway gene polymorphisms influenced vitamin D level among pregnant women","volume":"37","author":"Shao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-00682","article-title":"Response to antenatal cholecalciferol supplementation is with common vitamin D-related genetic variants","volume":"102","author":"Moon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700992R","article-title":"Vitamin D binding protein rs7041 genotype alters vitamin D metabolism in pregnant women","volume":"32","author":"Ganz","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta18450","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy: A systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Harvey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Technol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.0302","article-title":"Association Between Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy and Offspring Growth, Morbidity, and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"172","author":"Bi","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Francis, E.C., Hinkle, S.N., Song, Y., Rawal, S., Donnelly, S.R., Zhu, Y., Chen, L., and Zhang, C. (2018). Longitudinal Maternal Vitamin D Status during Pregnancy Is Associated with Neonatal Anthropometric Measures. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111631"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernando, M., Coster, T.G., Ellery, S.J., Guingand, D., Lim, S., Harrison, C.L., Teede, H.J., Naderpoor, N., and Mousa, A. (2020). Relationships between Total, Free and Bioavailable Vitamin D and Vitamin D Binding Protein in Early Pregnancy with NeonatalOutcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092495"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2008.14","article-title":"Vitamin D insufficiency is common in Indian mothers but is not associated with gestational diabetes or variation in newborn size","volume":"63","author":"Farrant","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2016.12.006","article-title":"Vitamin D metabolite concentrations in umbilical cord blood serum and associations with clinical characteristics in a large prospective mother-infant cohort in Ireland","volume":"167","author":"Kiely","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wierzejska, R.E., and Wojda, B.K. (2022). Vitamin D Status during Pregnancy versus the Anthropometric Parameters of Two- and Four-Year-Olds: A Pilot Study. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14020254"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/14\/18\/3799\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:31:52Z","timestamp":1760142712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/14\/18\/3799"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["nu14183799"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14183799","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]}}}