{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T01:31:21Z","timestamp":1782264681225,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Danone Trading Medical BV"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SLT008\/18\/00162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLT008\/18\/00162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Government of Catalunya-Generalitat de Catalunya","award":["PRE\/161\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRE\/161\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The phenotype of patients affected by COVID-19 disease changed between the waves of the pandemic. We assessed the prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD), malnutrition (MN), and mortality between the first three waves of COVID-19 patients in a general hospital. Methods: a prospective observational study between April 2020\u2013May 2021. Clinical assessment for OD was made with the volume-viscosity swallowing test; nutritional assessment was performed consistent with GLIM criteria. A multimodal intervention was implemented in the second and third wave, including (a) texturized diets\u2014fork mashable (1900 kcal + 90 g protein) or pureed (1700 kcal + 75 g protein), (b) oral nutritional supplements (500\u2013600 kcal + 25\u201330 g protein), and (c) fluid thickening (250 mPa\u00b7s or 800 mPa\u00b7s). Results: We included 205 patients (69.3 \u00b1 17.6 years) in the 1st, 200 (66.4 \u00b1 17.5 years) in the 2nd, and 200 (72.0 \u00b1 16.3 years;) in the 3rd wave (p = 0.004). On admission, prevalence of OD was 51.7%, 31.3% and 35.1%, and MN, 45.9%, 36.8% and 34.7%, respectively; mortality was 10.7%, 13.6% and 19.1%. OD was independently associated with age, delirium, and MN; MN, with age, OD, diarrhea and ICU admission; mortality, with age, OD and MN. (4) Conclusions: Prevalence of OD, MN and mortality was very high among COVID-19 patients. OD was independently associated with MN and mortality. An early and proactive multimodal nutritional intervention improved patients\u2019 nutritional status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14183826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T02:06:50Z","timestamp":1663553210000},"page":"3826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A Comparative Study between the Three Waves of the Pandemic on the Prevalence of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Malnutrition among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4747-2534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Vi\u00f1as","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08304 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Mart\u00edn-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08304 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Alarc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08304 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Riera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08304 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaume","family":"Mir\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08304 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Amad\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08304 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0696-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pere","family":"Clav\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08304 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6178-3748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08304 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, July 30). 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