{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:11:18Z","timestamp":1760231478763,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"HiPP GmbH &amp; Co. Vertrieb KG, Pfaffenhofen, Germany"},{"name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner\u2013Fresenius Foundation, LMU Medical Faculty and LMU University Hospitals"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Belgrade\u2013Munich Infant Milk Trial (BeMIM) randomized healthy term infants into either a protein-reduced intervention infant formula (IF) group, with an \u03b1-lactalbumin-enriched whey and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, or a control infant formula (CF) group. A non-randomized breastfed group (BF) was studied for reference. We assessed the long-term effects of these infant feeding choices on growth measures until the age of seven years. Weight, standing height, head circumference, and percent body fat (using skinfolds and bioelectrical impedance) were determined with standardized methods. A total of 161 children out of the 256 completers of the initial study (63%) participated in the seven-year follow-up. Children in the three study groups did not differ in their anthropometric measures, including body mass index (IF 16.1 \u00b1 2.6, CF: 15.6 \u00b1 1.7, BF: 15.6 \u00b1 2.5 kg\/m2, mean \u00b1 SD). IGF-1 serum concentrations determined at the age of 4 months contributed to explaining the variances in weight (p = 0.001), height (p = 0.001) and BMI (p = 0.035) z-scores at the age of seven years, whereas insulin levels at four months did not. Different feeding choices during the first four months of life leading to higher energy efficiency and increased growth with IF did not affect later growth outcomes at an early school age. Diet-induced modulation of IGF-1 in the first months of life may have lasting programming effects on later growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14193900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T05:33:14Z","timestamp":1663824794000},"page":"3900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Infant Feeding Choices during the First Post-Natal Months and Anthropometry at Age Seven Years: Follow-Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7812-5178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Demmelmair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universi\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manja","family":"Fleddermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HiPP GmbH & Co. Vertrieb KG, 85276 Pfaffenhofen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5345-7165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berthold","family":"Koletzko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universi\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1159\/000496471","article-title":"Nutrition During Pregnancy, Lactation and Early Childhood and its Implications for Maternal and Long-Term Child Health: The Early Nutrition Project Recommendations","volume":"74","author":"Koletzko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. 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