{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:09:26Z","timestamp":1791216566757,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82173648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173648"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate of nutritional deficiencies in China remained stable. However, the age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) rate of nutritional deficiencies decreased from 1990 to 2019. Data were extracted from the GBD 2019 datasets. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to assess the incidence rate, and DALY trends of nutritional deficiencies. Measures were stratified by subtypes, regions, and age groups. In 2019, the age-standardized DALY rates of dietary iron deficiency and protein-energy malnutrition reached their highest levels. The main population groups with protein-energy malnutrition and dietary iron deficiency were adults over the age of 70 and children under the age of five. The latter group also had a greater burden of vitamin A deficiency. Zhejiang, Beijing, and Guangdong reported the highest age-standardized incidence rates of nutritional deficiencies, which mainly pertained to protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency. Tibet, Xinjiang, and Hainan had the highest age-standardized DALY rates of nutritional deficiencies, which mainly pertained to dietary iron deficiency and protein-energy malnutrition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14193919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T05:33:14Z","timestamp":1663824794000},"page":"3919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Burden of Nutritional Deficiencies in China: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Liyuan","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruijie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0841-2291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanhua","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China"},{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingli","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China"},{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2873-5266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qunhong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China"},{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China"},{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maigeng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Jile, C., and Yu, W. 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