{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:10:39Z","timestamp":1760231439502,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14GRNT20480211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14GRNT20480211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Vitamin D is considered to modulate T-cell function, which has been implicated in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. However, there is limited knowledge on the effects of vitamin D and its influences on circulating T-cell profiles in humans, particularly in overweight Black individuals who are more likely to be vitamin D insufficient (serum 25(OH)D concentrations of \u226420 ng\/mL). Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that vitamin D supplementation modulates T-cell composition, which is in a dose-dependent manner. Methods: A 16-week randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D3 supplementation was undertaken in 70 overweight\/obese Black people (mean age = 26 years, 82% female) with 25 hydroxyvitamin D \u2264 20 ng\/mL at baseline. Subjects were randomly assigned a supervised monthly oral vitamin D3 equivalent to approximately 600 IU\/day (n = 17), 2000 IU\/day (n = 18), 4000 IU\/day (n = 18), or a placebo (n = 17). Fresh peripheral whole blood was collected and CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts and percentages were determined by flow cytometry at baseline and at 16 weeks, among 56 subjects who were included in the analyses. Results: A statistically significant increase in CD3+% in the 2000 IU\/day vitamin D3 supplementation group, and increases in CD4+% in the 2000 IU\/day and 4000 IU\/day vitamin D3 supplementation groups were observed (p-values &lt; 0.05) from the changes in baseline to 16 weeks. Further adjustments for age, sex and BMI showed that 2000 IU\/day vitamin D3 supplementation increased in CD3+ count, CD3%, CD4 count, and CD4%, as compared to the placebo group (p-values &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the highest serum 25(OH)D quantile group had the highest CD3% and CD4%. Conclusions: Sixteen-week vitamin D3 supplementation increases peripheral blood T-cell numbers and percentages in overweight\/obese Black patients with vitamin D insufficiency. This resulting shift in circulating T-cell composition, particularly the increase in T helper cells (CD4+ cells), suggests that vitamin D supplementation may improve immune function in Black individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14193922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T05:33:14Z","timestamp":1663824794000},"page":"3922","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sixteen-Week Vitamin D3 Supplementation Increases Peripheral T Cells in Overweight Black Individuals: Post hoc Analysis of a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yutong","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anas","family":"Raed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"Havens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Aiken, SC 29801, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanbin","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haidong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"751","article-title":"Vitamin D insufficiency in a sunny environment: A demographic and seasonal analysis","volume":"12","author":"Oren","year":"2010","journal-title":"Isr. 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