{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T20:37:17Z","timestamp":1792442237785,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":323,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Symphony Natural Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Melatonin has become a popular dietary supplement, most known as a chronobiotic, and for establishing healthy sleep. Research over the last decade into cancer, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, multiple sclerosis, fertility, PCOS, and many other conditions, combined with the COVID-19 pandemic, has led to greater awareness of melatonin because of its ability to act as a potent antioxidant, immune-active agent, and mitochondrial regulator. There are distinct similarities between melatonin and vitamin D in the depth and breadth of their impact on health. Both act as hormones, affect multiple systems through their immune-modulating, anti-inflammatory functions, are found in the skin, and are responsive to sunlight and darkness. In fact, there may be similarities between the widespread concern about vitamin D deficiency as a \u201csunlight deficiency\u201d and reduced melatonin secretion as a result of \u201cdarkness deficiency\u201d from overexposure to artificial blue light. The trend toward greater use of melatonin supplements has resulted in concern about its safety, especially higher doses, long-term use, and application in certain populations (e.g., children). This review aims to evaluate the recent data on melatonin\u2019s mechanisms, its clinical uses beyond sleep, safety concerns, and a thorough summary of therapeutic considerations concerning dietary supplementation, including the different formats available (animal, synthetic, and phytomelatonin), dosing, timing, contraindications, and nutrient combinations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14193934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T23:07:55Z","timestamp":1663888075000},"page":"3934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":173,"title":["Is Melatonin the \u201cNext Vitamin D\u201d?: A Review of Emerging Science, Clinical Uses, Safety, and Dietary Supplements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1103-8982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deanna M.","family":"Minich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine, University of Western States, Portland, OR 97213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Henning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports and Performance Psychology, University of the Rockies, Denver, CO 80202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Darley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Naturopathic Medicine, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Fahoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Naturopathic Medicine, Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corey B.","family":"Schuler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition, Sonoran University of Health Sciences, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA"},{"name":"Department of Online Education, Northeast College of Health Sciences, Seneca Falls, NY 13148, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Frame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Health International Pty., Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia"},{"name":"Symphony Natural Health, Inc., West Valley City, UT 84119, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wunsch, N.-G. 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