{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T01:15:06Z","timestamp":1787879706704,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"eanship of scientific research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia","award":["RG: 21-130-38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG: 21-130-38"]}]},{"name":"eanship of scientific research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia","award":["952601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["952601"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon2020 research and innovation program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG: 21-130-38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG: 21-130-38"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon2020 research and innovation program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["952601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["952601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem that not only leads to metabolic bone disease but also to many other illnesses, most of which are associated with chronic inflammation. Thus, our aim was to investigate the safety and effectiveness of a single high dose of vitamin D3 (80,000 IU) on vitamin D status and proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)6, IL8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in healthy Saudi females. Fifty healthy females were recruited and orally supplemented with a single vitamin D3 bolus (80,000 IU). All participants donated fasting blood samples at baseline, one day and thirty days after supplementation. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), IL6, IL8, TNF, calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and blood lipid levels were determined. Serum 25(OH)D3 significantly increased one and thirty days after supplementation when compared with baseline without causing elevation in calcium or phosphate or a decrease in PTH to abnormal levels. In contrast, the concentrations of the three representative proinflammatory cytokines decreased gradually until the end of the study period. In conclusion, a single high dose (80,000 IU) is effective in improving serum vitamin D status and reducing the concentration of the proinflammatory cytokines in a rapid and safe way in healthy females.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14193963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T03:34:17Z","timestamp":1664163257000},"page":"3963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Single Vitamin D3 Bolus Supplementation Improves Vitamin D Status and Reduces Proinflammatory Cytokines in Healthy Females"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8474-8985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadeil M.","family":"Alsufiani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Vitamin D Pharmacogenomics Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6603-6116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shareefa A.","family":"AlGhamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Vitamin D Pharmacogenomics Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3739-8844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huda F.","family":"AlShaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Embryonic Stem Cell Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sawsan O.","family":"Khoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Vitamin D Pharmacogenomics Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safa F.","family":"Saif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2633-0684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten","family":"Carlberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI 70211 Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.24494","article-title":"Sunlight and Vitamin D: A global perspective for health","volume":"5","author":"Wacker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatoendocrinol"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2015.10.001","article-title":"Chapter Ten\u2014Molecular approaches for optimizing vitamin D supplementation","volume":"Volume 100","author":"Litwack","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vitamins & Hormones"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2016.12.011","article-title":"The concept of the personal vitamin D response index","volume":"175","author":"Carlberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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