{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T16:26:32Z","timestamp":1783614392542,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81500313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81500313"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82170451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170451"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82070440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070440"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82070439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070439"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020A02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020A02"]}]},{"name":"Research Program of Xi\u2019an Children\u2019s Hospital","award":["81500313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81500313"]}]},{"name":"Research Program of Xi\u2019an Children\u2019s Hospital","award":["82170451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170451"]}]},{"name":"Research Program of Xi\u2019an Children\u2019s Hospital","award":["82070440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070440"]}]},{"name":"Research Program of Xi\u2019an Children\u2019s Hospital","award":["82070439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070439"]}]},{"name":"Research Program of Xi\u2019an Children\u2019s Hospital","award":["2020A02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020A02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Aerobic exercise training (ExT) is beneficial for hypertension, however, its central mechanisms in improving hypertension remain unclear. Since the importance of the up-regulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT-1R) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamic in sympathoexcitation and hypertension has been shown, we testified the hypothesis that aerobic ExT decreases blood pressure in hypertensive rats by down-regulating the AT-1R through reactive oxygen species (ROS)\/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)\/nuclear factors \u03baB (NF-\u03baB) pathway within the PVN. Methods: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to the following groups: sham operation (SHAM) + kept sedentary (Sed), SHAM + exercise training (ExT), two kidney-one clamp (2K1C) + Sed, and 2K1C + ExT groups. Results: The 2K1C + Sed hypertensive rats showed higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), upregulated ROS, phosphorylated (p-) p44\/42 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, NF-\u03baB p65 activity, and AT-1R expression in the PVN, and increased circulating norepinephrine (NE) than those of SHAM rats. After eight weeks of aerobic ExT, the 2K1C + ExT hypertensive rats showed attenuated NE and SBP levels, suppressed NF-\u03baB p65 activity, and reduced expression of ROS, p-p44\/42 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, and AT-1R in the PVN, relatively to the 2K1C + Sed group. Conclusions: These data are suggestive of beneficial effects of aerobic ExT in decreasing SBP in hypertensive rats, via down-regulating the ROS\/MAPK\/NF-\u03baB pathway that targets AT-1R in the PVN, and eventually ameliorating 2K1C-induced hypertension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14193968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T03:34:17Z","timestamp":1664163257000},"page":"3968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Exercise Training Attenuates Hypertension via Suppressing ROS\/MAPK\/NF-\u03baB\/AT-1R Pathway in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui-Juan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Yan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-An","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi\u2019an Children\u2019s Hospital, Xi\u2019an 710002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Jing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Yue","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8660-8222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ming","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (2021). 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