{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:21:43Z","timestamp":1789039303392,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"American Association for the Study of Liver Disease"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>STING, Tmem173, is involved in liver injury caused by both infectious and sterile inflammatory models. Its role in toxic liver injury and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), however, is less clear. While a few groups have investigated its role in NAFLD pathogenesis, results have been conflicting. The objective of this study was to clarify the exact role of STING in toxic liver injury and NAFLD models. Goldenticket mice (Tmem173gt), which lack STING protein, were subjected to either a toxic liver injury with tunicamycin (TM) or one of two dietary models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: high fructose feeding or Fructose-Palmitate-Cholesterol (FPC) feeding. Three days after TM injection, Tmem173gt mice demonstrated less liver injury (average ALT of 54 \u00b1 5 IU\/L) than control mice (average ALT 108 \u00b1 24 IU\/L). In contrast, no significant differences in liver injury were seen between WT and Tmem173gt mice fed either high fructose or FPC. Tmem173gt mice only distinguished themselves from WT mice in their increased insulin resistance. In conclusion, while STING appears to play a role in toxic liver injury mediated by TM, it plays little to no role in two dietary models of NAFLD. The exact role of STING appears to be stimulus-dependent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14194029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T22:53:19Z","timestamp":1664405599000},"page":"4029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Role of STING in Liver Injury Is Both Stimulus- and Time-Dependent"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7163-4428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Siao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"},{"name":"The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1614-5381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dounia","family":"Le Guillou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"},{"name":"The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacquelyn J.","family":"Maher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"},{"name":"The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2086-5197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline C.","family":"Duwaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"},{"name":"The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2013.10.010","article-title":"STING-dependent cytosolic DNA sensing pathways","volume":"35","author":"Barber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends. 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