{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T19:14:29Z","timestamp":1789758869055,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a stress signal that can be induced by protein restriction and is associated with reduced food intake. Anorexia of aging, insufficient protein intake as well as high GDF15 concentrations often occur in older age, but it is unknown whether GDF15 concentrations change acutely after meal ingestion and affect appetite in older individuals. After an overnight fast, appetite was assessed in older (n = 20; 73.7 \u00b1 6.30 years) and younger (n = 20; 25.7 \u00b1 4.39 years) women with visual analogue scales, and concentrations of circulating GDF15 and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were quantified before and at 1, 2 and 4 h after ingestion of either dextrose (182 kcal) or a mixed protein-rich meal (450 kcal). In response to dextrose ingestion, appetite increased in both older and younger women, whereas GDF15 concentrations increased only in the older group. In older women, appetite response was negatively correlated with the GDF15 response (rho = \u22120.802, p = 0.005). Following high-protein ingestion, appetite increased in younger women, but remained low in the old, while GDF15 concentrations did not change significantly in either age group. GLP-1 concentrations did not differ between age groups or test meals. In summary, acute GDF15 response differed between older and younger women. Associations of postprandial appetite and GDF15 following dextrose ingestion in older women suggest a reduced appetite response when the GDF15 response is high, thus supporting the proposed anorectic effects of high GDF15 concentrations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14194066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T01:21:07Z","timestamp":1665364867000},"page":"4066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Effect of Dextrose or Protein Ingestion on Circulating Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Appetite in Older Compared to Younger Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Catrin","family":"Herpich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbr\u00fccke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0214-7092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bastian","family":"Kochlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbr\u00fccke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Kleinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muscle Physiology and Metabolism Group, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbr\u00fccke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Science, Section of Molecular Physiology, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), DIfE, Potsdam-Rehbr\u00fccke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8726-185X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Klaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbr\u00fccke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"M\u00fcller-Werdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Evangelisches Geriatriezentrum Berlin gGmbH, 13347 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbr\u00fccke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin,14558 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-022020-045449","article-title":"The GDF15-GFRAL Pathway in Health and Metabolic Disease: Friend or Foe?","volume":"83","author":"Breit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. 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