{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T18:13:08Z","timestamp":1789927988787,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":210,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endometriosis is defined as the development of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Pathophysiology of this disease includes abnormal hormone profiles, cell survival, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, immunology, and inflammation. Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone that is synthesized and released primarily at night from the mammalian pineal gland. Increasing evidence has revealed that melatonin can be synthesized and secreted from multiple extra-pineal tissues where it regulates immune response, inflammation, and angiogenesis locally. Melatonin receptors are expressed in the uterus, and the therapeutic effects of melatonin on endometriosis and other reproductive disorders have been reported. In this review, key information related to the metabolism of melatonin and its biological effects is summarized. Furthermore, the latest in vitro and in vivo findings are highlighted to evaluate the pleiotropic functions of melatonin, as well as to summarize its physiological and pathological effects and treatment potential in endometriosis. Moreover, the pharmacological and therapeutic benefits derived from the administration of exogenous melatonin on reproductive system-related disease are discussed to support the potential of melatonin supplements toward the development of endometriosis. More clinical trials are needed to confirm its therapeutic effects and safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14194087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T01:21:07Z","timestamp":1665364867000},"page":"4087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Melatonin in Endometriosis: Mechanistic Understanding and Clinical Insight"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yiran","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0576-4707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sze-Wan","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruizhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8608-9688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gene Chi-Wai","family":"Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline Pui-Wah","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanlan","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3928-7278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Chiu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China"},{"name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong-Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1993.tb00517.x","article-title":"Melatonin and human puberty: Current perspectives","volume":"15","author":"Cavallo","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. 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