{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:09:35Z","timestamp":1791216575924,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]],"date-time":"2022-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to examine the impact of a preconception pro-inflammatory diet on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) using singleton pregnancy data from the Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study involving live births from 2011 to 2014. Individual meal patterns before pregnancy were used to calculate the dietary inflammatory index (DII). Participants were categorized according to DII quartiles 1\u20134 (Q1 and Q4 had the most pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory diets, respectively). The participants were stratified into five groups by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI): G1 to G5 (&lt;18.5 kg\/m2, 18.5 to &lt;20.0 kg\/m2, 20.0 to &lt;23.0 kg\/m2, 23.0 to &lt;25.0 kg\/m2, and \u226525.0 kg\/m2, respectively). A multiple logistic regression model was used to estimate the effect of the anti-inflammatory diet on GDM, early diagnosed (Ed)-GDM, and late diagnosed (Ld)-GDM in each BMI group. Trend analysis showed that the risk of GDM, Ed-GDM, and Ld-GDM increased with increased pre-pregnancy BMI values. In the G4 group, the risk of Ed-GDM increased in Q2 and Q4. This study suggests that, although higher maternal BMI increases the risk of GDM, the effect of a preconception pro-inflammatory diet on the occurrence of GDM depends on pre-pregnancy BMI. This result may facilitate personalized preconception counseling based on maternal BMI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14194100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T01:21:07Z","timestamp":1665364867000},"page":"4100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Preconception Dietary Inflammatory Index and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Based on Maternal Body Mass Index: Findings from a Japanese Birth Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7782-3396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyo","family":"Kyozuka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"},{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"},{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Isogami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"},{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Imaizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"},{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toma","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"},{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"},{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"},{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Ogata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1626-3625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitsuaki","family":"Hosoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4715-2840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seiji","family":"Yasumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7186-7603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koichi","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidekazu","family":"Nishigori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"},{"name":"Fukushima Medical Center for Children and Women, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiya","family":"Fujimori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"},{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study (JECS) Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"B161","article-title":"Summary and recommendations of the Fourth International Workshop-Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. 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