{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:47:40Z","timestamp":1790668060747,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Lublin, Poland","award":["DS 394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DS 394"]}]},{"name":"Medical University of Lublin, Poland","award":["DS 448"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DS 448"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a metabolite of tryptophan, is an endogenous substance produced intracellularly by various human cells. In addition, KYNA can be synthesized by the gut microbiome and delivered in food. However, its content in food is very low and the total alimentary supply with food accounts for only 1\u20133% of daily KYNA excretion. The only known exception is chestnut honey, which has a higher KYNA content than other foods by at least two orders of magnitude. KYNA is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; it is not metabolized and is excreted mainly in urine. It possesses well-defined molecular targets, which allows the study and elucidation of KYNA\u2019s role in various pathological conditions. Following a period of fascination with KYNA\u2019s importance for the central nervous system, research into its role in the peripheral system has been expanding rapidly in recent years, bringing some exciting discoveries. KYNA does not penetrate from the peripheral circulation into the brain; hence, the following review summarizes knowledge on the peripheral consequences of KYNA administration, presents data on KYNA content in food products, in the context of its daily supply in diets, and systematizes the available pharmacokinetic data. Finally, it provides an analysis of the rationale behind enriching foods with KYNA for health-promoting effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14194182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T01:21:07Z","timestamp":1665364867000},"page":"4182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["A Review of the Health Benefits of Food Enriched with Kynurenic Acid"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2400-591X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Turska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7993-1654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Paluszkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Oncological and Metabolic Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-778 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5805-5106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waldemar A.","family":"Turski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Parada-Turska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.4137\/IJTR.S12536","article-title":"Kynurenic Acid in the Digestive System-New Facts, New Challenges","volume":"6","author":"Turski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. 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