{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:41:52Z","timestamp":1791319312516,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81860057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81860057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ghrelin, an endogenous brain\u2013gut peptide, is secreted in large quantities, mainly from the stomach, in humans and rodents. It can perform the biological function of activating the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). Since its discovery in 1999, ample research has focused on promoting its effects on the human appetite and pleasure\u2013reward eating. Extensive, in-depth studies have shown that ghrelin is widely secreted and distributed in tissues. Its role in neurohumoral regulation, such as metabolic homeostasis, inflammation, cardiovascular regulation, anxiety and depression, and advanced cancer cachexia, has attracted increasing attention. However, the effects and regulatory mechanisms of ghrelin on obesity, gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation, cardiovascular disease, stress regulation, cachexia treatment, and the prognosis of advanced cancer have not been fully summarized. This review summarizes ghrelin\u2019s numerous effects in participating in a variety of biochemical pathways and the clinical significance of ghrelin in the regulation of the homeostasis of organisms. In addition, potential mechanisms are also introduced.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14194191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T01:21:07Z","timestamp":1665364867000},"page":"4191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Molecular Mechanisms and Health Benefits of Ghrelin: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zheng-Tong","family":"Jiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China"},{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0016-3494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/45230","article-title":"Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach","volume":"402","author":"Kojima","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4255","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.11.7757","article-title":"Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone-releasing acylated peptide, is synthesized in a distinct endocrine cell type in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats and humans","volume":"141","author":"Date","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00012.2004","article-title":"Ghrelin: Structure and function","volume":"85","author":"Kojima","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiol. 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