{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:42:26Z","timestamp":1792806146828,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["NSF 32060030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF 32060030"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022TMCKF002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022TMCKF002"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Project of Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Related Diseases","award":["NSF 32060030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF 32060030"]}]},{"name":"Project of Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Related Diseases","award":["2022TMCKF002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022TMCKF002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) leaf is a typical homologous ingredient of medicine and food with lipid-lowering and weight-loss effects. In the present study, lotus leaves were fermented by two probiotics, Enterococcus faecium WEFA23 and Enterococcus hirae WEHI01, and the anti-adipogenic effect of Enterococcus fermented lotus leaf supernatant (FLLS) was evaluated in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with the aim of exploring whether its anti-obesity ability will be enhanced after fermentation with Enterococcus and to dig out the potential corresponding mechanism. The FLLS fermented by E. hirae WEHI01 (FLLS-WEHI01) was selected and further investigated for its ability to inhibit obesity in vivo in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats (male, 110 \u00b1 5 g, 4 weeks old) due to its superior inhibitory effect on adipogenesis and lipid accumulation (inhibition rate of up to 56.17%) in 3T3-L1 cells (p = 0.008 for WEHI01-L, p &lt; 0.001 for WEHI01-H). We found that the oral administration of both the low and high doses of FLLS-WEHI01 could achieve some effects, namely decreasing body weight (p &lt; 0.001), epididymal fat mass, adipocyte cell size, LDL-C levels (p = 0.89, 0.02, respectively), liver TC levels (p &lt; 0.001, p = 0.01, respectively), and TG levels (p = 0.2137, p = 0.0464, respectively), fasting blood glucose (p = 0.1585, p = 0.0009), and improved insulin resistance (p = 0.33, 0.01, respectively) in rats of the model group. Moreover, the administration of both high and low doses of FLLS-WEHI01 decreased the transcription levels of adipogenic transcription factors and corresponding genes such as Ppar\u03b3 (p &lt; 0.001), Cebp\u03b1 (p &lt; 0.001), Acc (p &lt; 0.001), and Fas (p &lt; 0.001) by at least three times. These results indicate that FLLS-WEHI01 can potentially be developed as an healthy, anti-obesity foodstuff.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14204348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T00:31:01Z","timestamp":1666053061000},"page":"4348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) Leaf-Fermentation Supernatant Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and Suppresses Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yao","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Translational Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenfeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.7178\/jig.106","article-title":"Current trends in obesity: Body composition assessment, weight regulation, and emerging techniques in managing severe obesity","volume":"1","author":"Switzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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