{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T04:27:00Z","timestamp":1788841620935,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) biomedical research fellowship","award":["1161871"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1161871"]}]},{"name":"a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) biomedical research fellowship","award":["1047897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1047897"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1161871"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1161871"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1047897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1047897"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Insulin resistance (IR) and chronic low-grade inflammation are risk factors for chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate two dietary indices: Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII\u00ae), and their associations with direct measures of glucose metabolism and adiposity, and biochemical measures including lipids, cytokines and adipokines in overweight\/obese adults. This cross-sectional study included 65 participants (males = 63%; age 31.3 \u00b1 8.5 years). Dietary intake via 3-day food diaries was used to measure adherence to MDS (0\u201345 points); higher scores indicating adherence. Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores were calculated with higher scores indicating a pro-inflammatory diet. IR was assessed using hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps, insulin secretion by intravenous glucose tolerance test, adiposity by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and circulating cytokine and adipokine concentrations by multiplex assays. Higher MDS was associated with greater insulin sensitivity (\u03b2 = 0.179; 95%CI: 0.39, 0.318) after adjusting for age, sex and % body fat, and lower NF-\u03baB, higher adiponectin and adipsin in unadjusted and adjusted models. Higher E-DII score was associated with increased total cholesterol (\u03b2 = 0.364; 95%CI: 0.066, 0.390) and LDL-cholesterol (\u03b2 = 0.305; 95%CI: 0.019, 0.287) but not with adiposity, glucose metabolism, cytokines or adipokines. Greater MDS appears to be associated with decreased IR and inflammatory markers in overweight\/obese adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14204437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T08:19:06Z","timestamp":1666599546000},"page":"4437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Higher Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Improved Insulin Sensitivity and Selected Markers of Inflammation in Individuals Who Are Overweight and Obese without Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5671-4817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Surbhi","family":"Sood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9627-1299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack","family":"Feehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, VIC 3011, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Itsiopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsty","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6889-3667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Plebanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5226-1972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0677-2672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James R.","family":"Hebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitin","family":"Shivappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7356-4523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aya","family":"Mousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1385-2371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena S.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbora de","family":"Courten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT 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