{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:42:45Z","timestamp":1785544965283,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of Sein\u00e4joki Central Hospital and University of Tampere","award":["VTR 5300\/3116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VTR 5300\/3116"]}]},{"name":"Finnish Foundation for the Promotion of Laboratory Medicine","award":["VTR 5300\/3116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VTR 5300\/3116"]}]},{"name":"Finnish Society for Clinical Chemistry","award":["VTR 5300\/3116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VTR 5300\/3116"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although excessive alcohol consumption is a highly prevalent public health problem the data on the associations between alcohol consumption and health outcomes in individuals preferring different types of alcoholic beverages has remained unclear. We examined the relationships between the amounts and patterns of drinking with the data on laboratory indices of liver function, lipid status and inflammation in a national population-based health survey (FINRISK). Data on health status, alcohol drinking, types of alcoholic beverages preferred, body weight, smoking, coffee consumption and physical activity were recorded from 22,432 subjects (10,626 men, 11,806 women), age range 25\u201374 years. The participants were divided to subgroups based on the amounts of regular alcohol intake (abstainers, moderate and heavy drinkers), patterns of drinking (binge or regular) and the type of alcoholic beverage preferred (wine, beer, cider or long drink, hard liquor or mixed). Regular drinking was found to be more typical in wine drinkers whereas the subjects preferring beer or hard liquor were more often binge-type drinkers and cigarette smokers. Alcohol use in all forms was associated with increased frequencies of abnormalities in the markers of liver function, lipid status and inflammation even at rather low levels of consumption. The highest rates of abnormalities occurred, however, in the subgroups of binge-type drinkers preferring beer or hard liquor. These results demonstrate that adverse consequences of alcohol occur even at moderate average drinking levels especially in individuals who engage in binge drinking and in those preferring beer or hard liquor. Further emphasis should be placed on such patterns of drinking in policies aimed at preventing alcohol-induced adverse health outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14214529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T22:36:17Z","timestamp":1666910177000},"page":"4529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Alcohol Drinking Patterns and Laboratory Indices of Health: Does Type of Alcohol Preferred Make a Difference?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Onni","family":"Niemel\u00e4","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Sein\u00e4joki Central Hospital and Tampere University, 60220 Sein\u00e4joki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauri","family":"Aalto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Sein\u00e4joki Central Hospital, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aini","family":"Bloigu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risto","family":"Bloigu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infrastructure of Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anni S.","family":"Halkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Sein\u00e4joki Central Hospital and Tampere University, 60220 Sein\u00e4joki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6614-4782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiina","family":"Laatikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland"},{"name":"Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services, 80210 Joensuu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00122-1","article-title":"Alcohol use disorders","volume":"387","author":"Connor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"GBD 2016 Alcohol Collaborators (2018). 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