{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:59:41Z","timestamp":1787029181457,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81773535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81773535"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018SK2061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018SK2061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province","award":["81773535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81773535"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province","award":["2018SK2061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018SK2061"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is associated with obvious microbiota dysbiosis in the third trimester of pregnancy. However, the mechanisms behind these changes remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between the gut microbiome in early pregnancy and PIH occurrence. (2) Methods: A nested case\u2013control study design was used based on the follow-up cohort. Thirty-five PIH patients and thirty-five matched healthy pregnant women were selected as controls. The gut microbiome profiles were assessed in the first trimester using metagenomic sequencing. (3) Results: Diversity analyses showed that microbiota diversity was altered in early pregnancy. At the species level, eight bacterial species were enriched in healthy controls: Alistipes putredinis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Ruminococcus torques, Oscillibacter unclassified, Akkermansia muciniphila, Clostridium citroniae, Parasutterella excrementihominis and Burkholderiales bacterium_1_1_47. Conversely, Eubacterium rectale, and Ruminococcus bromii were enriched in PIH patients. The results of functional analysis showed that the changes in these different microorganisms may affect the blood pressure of pregnant women by affecting the metabolism of vitamin K2, sphingolipid, lipid acid and glycine. (4) Conclusion: Microbiota dysbiosis in PIH patients begins in the first trimester of pregnancy, and this may be associated with the occurrence of PIH. Bacterial pathway analyses suggest that the gut microbiome might lead to the development of PIH through the alterations of function modules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14214582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T06:01:28Z","timestamp":1667282488000},"page":"4582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Association between Gut Microbiome and Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension: A Nested Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Huijun","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junru","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shujuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongjing","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongzhuan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.14310\/horm.2002.1582","article-title":"Pregnancy-Induced hypertension","volume":"14","author":"Kintiraki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hormones"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-013-1307-9","article-title":"Descriptive Epidemiology of Chronic Hypertension, Gestational Hypertension, and Preeclampsia in New York State, 1995\u20132004","volume":"18","author":"Savitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Matern. 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