{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T13:31:40Z","timestamp":1778074300586,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["NIH-1R01DK131136-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH-1R01DK131136-01"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["NIH-R21AI169487-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH-R21AI169487-01"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["NIH-1R03 DK121046-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH-1R03 DK121046-01"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["NIH-P01AG078106-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH-P01AG078106-01"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["NIH-1U01 AI163064-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH-1U01 AI163064-01"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["NIH-1U01-DK61718"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH-1U01-DK61718"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a particularly serious condition in which the small intestine does not absorb sufficient nutrients for biological needs, resulting in severe illness and potentially death if not treated. Given the important role of the gut in many signaling cascades throughout the body, SBS results in disruption of many pathways and imbalances in various hormones. Due to the inability to meet sufficient nutritional needs, an intravenous form of nutrition, total parental nutrition (TPN), is administered. However, TPN presents difficulties such as severe liver injury and altered signaling secondary to the continued lack of luminal contents. This manuscript aims to summarize relevant studies into the systemic effects of TPN on systems such as the gut\u2013brain, gut-lung, and gut-liver axis, as well as present novel therapeutics currently under use or investigation as mitigation strategies for TPN induced injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14214660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T04:00:51Z","timestamp":1667534451000},"page":"4660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Mitigating Complications in Short Bowel Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2712-9499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffery","family":"Bettag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loren","family":"Po","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cassius","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Tallam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kento","family":"Kurashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aakash","family":"Nagarapu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Morfin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Nazzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien-Jung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Mathur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6609-6055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajeev","family":"Aurora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajay K.","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-3767.82573","article-title":"Short bowel syndrome: A review of management options","volume":"17","author":"Seetharam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Saudi J. 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