{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:14:07Z","timestamp":1791818047467,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]],"date-time":"2022-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81973045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81973045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The bone mass increases that occur during the period of childhood are of great significance for maximizing the peak bone mass in adults and preventing for osteoporosis. Studies have reported that VA can improve the bone health in adults. Moreover, limited studies have assessed such associations in children. In this cross-sectional study including 426 children, we assessed the children\u2019s plasma retinol concentration by liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry and the dietary intake of VA and carotenoids using a structured Food Frequency Questionnaire. Their bone mineral content and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. After adjusting for potential confounders, the restricted cubic spline revealed an inverted U-shaped association between plasma retinol concentration and BMD; the estimated effects on the TBLH BMD per \u03bcmol\/L increase in the plasma retinol concentration were 1.79 \u00d7 10\u22122 g\/cm2 below 1.24 \u03bcmol\/L and \u22125.78 \u00d7 10\u22123 g\/cm2 above this point (p for non-linearity = 0.046). A multiple linear regression analysis revealed a positive association between the plasma retinol concentration and the TBLH BMC (\u03b2 = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.64 \u00d7 10\u22121\u20133.62, p = 0.032). In conclusion, an appropriate plasma retinol concentration and greater intakes of dietary VA and \u03b2-carotene may enhance the bone mineral status of children who are aged 6\u20139 years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14214694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T03:02:22Z","timestamp":1667790142000},"page":"4694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Vitamin A Nutritional Status Is a Key Determinant of Bone Mass in Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xuanrui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiapeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongnong","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Guangzhou Panyu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(1993). 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