{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:21:39Z","timestamp":1790713299415,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pukyong National University Research Fund","award":["CD20180932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CD20180932"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the previous study, it was reported that green kiwifruit peel ethanol extract (GKPEE) increases sleep duration and decreases sleep latency in pentobarbital-treated mice. The pentobarbital-induced sleep test can be used to verify sleep quantity, which includes factors such as sleep duration and latency, but not sleep quality. In the present study, the sleep-promoting effects of GKPEE were investigated by the analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram in mice and were compared with the results of diazepam (DZP), a representative sedative-hypnotic agent. The acute administration of GKPEE (250, 500 and 1000 mg\/kg) increased the amount of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) and decreased sleep latency in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of GKPEE at 1000 mg\/kg produced persistently significantly different results until the second hour of time-course changes. In particular, GKPEE did not produce any change in delta activity compared to DZP. Furthermore, sub-chronic administration (15 days) of GKPEE (500 mg\/kg) continued sleep-promoting effects, whilst the EEG power density of NREMS did not show significant differences, indicating that there were no tolerance phenomena. Our findings suggest that GKPEE may be a promising natural sleep aid for treating sleep disorders. In addition, considering the number of by-products discarded each year by the food industry, the application of GKPEE here contributes to the utilization of processed kiwifruit by-products and can help to solve environmental problems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14224732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T02:07:48Z","timestamp":1668046068000},"page":"4732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of Green Kiwifruit Peel Extract on Sleep-Wake Profiles in Mice: A Polysomnographic Study Based on Electroencephalogram and Electromyogram Recordings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6269-1551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duhyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minseok","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seonghui","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8448-8837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min Young","family":"Um","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5951-5832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suengmok","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.4100","article-title":"Analysis of green kiwi fruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv.Hayward) proteinases by two-dimensional zymography and direct identification of zymographic spots by mass spectrometry","volume":"90","author":"Larocca","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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