{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T04:21:33Z","timestamp":1787977293748,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lactalis Ingredient and Lactalis Research and Development"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The importance of optimized recovery during a sport competition is undisputed. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of recovery drinks comprising either carbohydrate only, or a mix of native whey proteins and carbohydrate to maintain physical performance and minimize muscle damage during a simulated rugby sevens (rugby 7s) tournament. Twelve well-trained male rugby players participated in three simulated rugby 7s tournament days with a week\u2019s interval in between. Each tournament comprised a sequence of three simulated matches, interspersed with 2 h of recovery. Three different recovery drinks were tested: a placebo (PLA, nonenergetic chocolate-flavored drink), a carbohydrate drink (CHO, 80 g of carbohydrate) or an isoenergetic carbohydrate\u2013protein drink (P-CHO, 20 g of Pronativ\u00ae, native whey protein and 60 g of carbohydrate). A different recovery drink, consumed after each match, was tested during each simulated tournament. Physical performance, muscle damage and muscle pain were assessed before and after each simulated tournament. Regarding physical performance, both P-CHO and CHO drinks had a positive effect on the maintenance of 50 m sprint time compared to the PLA drink (effect sizes large and moderate, respectively). Regarding muscle damage, the P-CHO supplement attenuated the creatine phosphokinase increase at POST6 compared to PLA (effect size, moderate). Finally, P-CHO and CHO drinks reduced the exercise-induced DOMS (effect size, moderate), compared to the PLA condition (effect size, large), while P-CHO only reduced pain on muscle palpation and pain when descending stairs compared to PLA 24 h post-tournament (effect size, small). This study suggests that consuming a recovery drink containing native whey proteins and carbohydrate or carbohydrate only after each match of a rugby 7s tournament may attenuate the exercise-induced increase in markers of muscle damage and maintain physical performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14224780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T04:21:45Z","timestamp":1668399705000},"page":"4780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of Native Whey Protein and Carbohydrate Supplement on Physical Performance and Plasma Markers of Muscle Damage and Inflammation during a Simulated Rugby Sevens Tournament: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Marina","family":"Fabre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (SEP, EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), 75012 Paris, France"},{"name":"French Rugby Federation, 91460 Marcoussis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Mathieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Rugby Federation, 91460 Marcoussis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eve","family":"Tiollier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (SEP, EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), 75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9dric","family":"Leduc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Center, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK"},{"name":"Sport Science and Medicine Department, Crystal Palace FC, London SE25 6PU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Clauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Anti-Doping Agency (AFLD), 75009 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Marchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Anti-Doping Agency (AFLD), 75009 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Robineau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Rugby Federation, 91460 Marcoussis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Piscione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Rugby Federation, 91460 Marcoussis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanguy","family":"Serenari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (SEP, EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), 75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Brasy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Department Lactalis Recherche et D\u00e9veloppement, 35134 Retiers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathilde","family":"Guerville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Department Lactalis Recherche et D\u00e9veloppement, 35134 Retiers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amandine","family":"Ligneul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Department Lactalis Recherche et D\u00e9veloppement, 35134 Retiers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Bigard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (SEP, EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), 75012 Paris, France"},{"name":"Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), 121860 Aigle, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.040162","article-title":"The Relationship between Changes in Interstitial Creatine Kinase and Game-Related Impacts in Rugby Union","volume":"42","author":"Smart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. 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