{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T08:21:21Z","timestamp":1780734081165,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the University of Tehran","award":["31100\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31100\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to explore if the effects of caffeine intake on resistance exercise and jumping performance are moderated by training status. We included ten resistance-trained and ten recreationally active males in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Participants were categorized into groups according to their resistance to training experience and muscular strength levels. Exercise performance outcomes included weight lifted and mean velocity during a one-repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and squat; repetitions were performed to muscular failure in the same exercises with 70% of 1RM and countermovement jump (CMJ) height. Exercise performance was evaluated on three occasions, following no substance ingestion (control), caffeine (6 mg\/kg), and placebo. There was a main effect on the condition for all the performance outcomes (all p \u2264 0.02), except for the 1RM squat mean velocity (p = 0.157) and 1RM bench press mean velocity (p = 0.719). For weight lifted in the 1RM bench press, there was a significant difference when comparing the caffeine vs. control, caffeine vs. placebo, and placebo vs. control. For weight lifted in the 1RM squat, a significant difference was found when comparing the caffeine vs. control. For muscular endurance outcomes and jump height, a significant difference was found when caffeine was compared to the control or placebo. Effect sizes were trivial for muscular strength (Hedges\u2019 g: 0.04\u20130.12), small for the jump height (Hedges\u2019 g: 0.43\u20130.46), and large for muscular endurance (Hedges\u2019 g: 0.89\u20131.41). Despite these ergogenic effects, there was no significant training status \u00d7 caffeine interaction in any of the analyzed outcomes. In summary, caffeine ingestion is ergogenic for muscular strength, endurance, and jump height. These effects are likely to be of a similar magnitude in resistance-trained and recreationally active men.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14224840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T02:33:48Z","timestamp":1668566028000},"page":"4840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Are Caffeine\u2019s Effects on Resistance Exercise and Jumping Performance Moderated by Training Status?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3077-3605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erfan","family":"Berjisian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran 1417935840, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8539-4306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Naderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Physiology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd 6915136111, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shima","family":"Mojtahedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran 1417935840, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jozo","family":"Grgic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hossein","family":"Ghahramani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9058-1918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raci","family":"Karayigit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, G\u00f6lba\u015f\u0131, Ankara 06830, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Forbes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education Studies, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7207-9016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Amaro-Gahete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, EFFECTS-262 Research Group, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6896-5552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott C.","family":"Forbes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education Studies, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100278","article-title":"Wake up and smell the coffee: Caffeine supplementation and exercise performance\u2014An umbrella review of 21 published meta-analyses","volume":"54","author":"Grgic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. 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