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A total of 1205 six-month-old infants from two community hospitals in Shanghai were randomly recruited, and 925 of them were followed up at 12 months. Concentration of 25(OH)D, weight, and length were measured at two time points. Overweight\/obesity was defined as a weight-for-length Z-score &gt;97th percentile. The prevalence of overweight\/obesity at 6 and 12 months was 6.88% and 5.26%, respectively. The occurrence of vitamin D (VitD) deficiency (&lt;20 ng\/mL) at 6 and 12 months was 6.56% and 2.05%, respectively. Concentration of 25(OH)D at the corresponding age was negatively associated with weight-for-length percentile (WLP) at both 6 (adjusted \u03b2: \u22120.14; 95% CI: \u22120.27, \u22120.02; p = 0.02) and 12 months (adjusted \u03b2: \u22120.22; 95% CI: \u22120.41, \u22120.02; p = 0.03), while the relationship between 25(OH)D at 6 months and WLP at 12 months was nonlinear, where 35 ng\/mL was identified as an inflection point. Those with a concentration of 25(OH)D &lt;35 ng\/mL at 6 months had a higher risk of overweight\/obesity (adjusted OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.91; p = 0.02) compared to the group with a concentration of 25(OH)D \u226535 ng\/mL. Moreover, a concentration of 25(OH)D &lt;35 ng\/mL at two time points significantly increased the risk of overweight\/obesity at 12 months compared to the group with 25(OH)D concentration \u226535 ng\/mL at two time points (adjusted OR: 2.91; 95% CI: 1.13, 7.46; p = 0.03). A suboptimal 25(OH)D concentration &lt;35 ng\/mL significantly increases the risk of overweight\/obesity in infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14224897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T04:13:36Z","timestamp":1669004016000},"page":"4897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association between Suboptimal 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status and Overweight\/Obesity in Infants: A Prospective Cohort Study in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3119-5010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5116-2734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunyan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianting","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xirui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2283-7138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China"},{"name":"MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children\u2019s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.2405","article-title":"Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 2007-2012","volume":"175","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. 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