{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T18:18:01Z","timestamp":1772561881771,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A direct correlation has been reported between excessive fat intake and the development and progression of various enteropathies. Plant foods may contain bioactive compounds and non-digestible dietary fiber, with potential to improve intestinal health. Chia is a good source of dietary fiber and bioactive compounds. Our study evaluated the role of chia flour associated with a high-fat diet (HFD) on colon histomorphometry, intestinal functionality and intestinal microbiome composition and function in Wistar rats. The study used 32 young male rats separated into four groups to receive a standard diet (SD) or HFD, with or without chia, for 35 days. At the end of the study, the cecum, cecal content and duodenum were collected. The consumption of chia increased the production of short-chain fatty acids and improved fecal moisture. Chia consumption improved the circular muscle layer in the SD group. The diversity and abundance of intestinal bacteria were not affected, but increased richness was observed in the microbiome of the SD+chia group. Moreover, chia consumption decreased the expression of proteins involved in intestinal functionality. Chia consumption improved intestinal morphology and functionality in young Wistar rats but was insufficient to promote significant changes in the intestinal microbiome in a short term of 35 days.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14224924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T03:08:37Z","timestamp":1669086517000},"page":"4924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effect of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Associated with High-Fat Diet on the Intestinal Health of Wistar Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Marcella Duarte Villas","family":"Mishima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Av. Purdue, s\/n, Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1096-456X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e1rbara Pereira","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Av. Purdue, s\/n, Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana Juste Contin","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Av. Purdue, s\/n, Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renata Celi Lopes","family":"Toledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Av. Purdue, s\/n, Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3481-5318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hil\u00e1rio Cuquetto","family":"Mantovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s\/n, Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-000, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vin\u00edcius Parzanini Brilhante de S\u00e3o","family":"Jos\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Av. Purdue, s\/n, Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neuza Maria Brunoro","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Alto Universit\u00e1rio, s\/n, Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elad","family":"Tako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8565-8439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9rcia Stampini Duarte","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Av. Purdue, s\/n, Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wali, J.A., Jarzebska, N., Raubenheimer, D., Simpson, S.J., Rodionov, R.N., and Sullivan, J.F.O. (2020). Cardio-Metabolic Effects of High-Fat Diets and Their Underlying Mechanisms\u2014A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051505"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sferra, R., Pompili, S., Cappariello, A., Gaudio, E., Latella, G., and Vetuschi, A. (2021). Prolonged Chronic Consumption of a High Fat with Sucrose Diet Alters the Morphology of the Small Intestine. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147280"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2017.05.019","article-title":"Impact of High-Fat Diet on the Intestinal Microbiota and Small Intestinal Physiology before and after the Onset of Obesity","volume":"141","author":"Tomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmz061","article-title":"Negative Effects of a High-Fat Diet on Intestinal Permeability: A Review","volume":"11","author":"Rohr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau5812","article-title":"The Gut Microbiota at the Intersection of Diet and Human Health","volume":"362","author":"Gentile","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2021.02.001","article-title":"Microbial Regulation of Host Physiology by Short-Chain Fatty Acids","volume":"29","author":"Wells","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5041417","article-title":"Fiber and Prebiotics: Mechanisms and Health Benefits","volume":"5","author":"Slavin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Da Silva, B.P., Kolba, N., Martino, H.S.D., Hart, J., and Tako, E. (2019). Soluble Extracts from Chia Seed (Salvia Hispanica L.) Affect Brush Border Membrane Functionality, Morphology and Intestinal Bacterial Populations in Vivo (Gallus gallus). Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102457"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109705","article-title":"Yacon (Smallanthus Sonchifolius) Flour Soluble Extract Improve Intestinal Bacterial Populations, Brush Border Membrane Functionality and Morphology in Vivo (Gallus gallus)","volume":"137","author":"Martino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3068","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO00239A","article-title":"Chia Seeds: An Ancient Grain Trending in Modern Human Diets","volume":"10","author":"Melo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.15003","article-title":"Chia Seed (Salvia Hispanica L.) Effects and Their Molecular Mechanisms on Unbalanced Diet Experimental Studies: A Systematic Review","volume":"85","author":"Enes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO03206A","article-title":"Cardioprotective Action of Chia (Salvia Hispanica L.) in Ovariectomized Rats Fed a High Fat Diet","volume":"12","author":"Mishima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.10.115","article-title":"Chemical Composition of Brazilian Chia Seeds Grown in Different Places","volume":"221","author":"Matyelka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grancieri, M., Martino, H.S.D., and de Mejia, E.G. (2021). Protein Digests and Pure Peptides from Chia Seed Prevented Adipogenesis and Inflammation by Inhibiting Ppar\u03b3 and Nf-\u039ab Pathways in 3t3l-1 Adipocytes. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13010176"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-5573-8-1","article-title":"WINPEPI Updated: Computer Programs for Epidemiologists, and Their Teaching Potential","volume":"8","author":"Abramson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Perspect. Innov."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/123.11.1939","article-title":"AIN-93 Purified Diets for Laboratory Rodents: Final Report of the American Institute of Nutrition Ad Hoc Writing Committee on the Reformulation of the AIN-76A Rodent Diet","volume":"123","author":"Reeves","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-0929.2011.00982.x","article-title":"Differences in Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Oxidative Status in C57BL\/6 and ApoE-\/- Mice Fed High Fat Diet","volume":"83","author":"Pereira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"(2016). AOAC Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, Association of Official Analytical Chemistry. [20th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.08.039","article-title":"Yacon Flour (Smallanthus Sonchifolius) Attenuates Intestinal Morbidity in Rats with Colon Cancer","volume":"37","author":"Grancieri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2013.10.016","article-title":"Yacon Effects in Immune Response and Nutritional Status of Iron and Zinc in Preschool Children","volume":"30","author":"Viana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"298","article-title":"Method for the Determination of Organic Acids in Silage by High Performance Liquid Chromatography","volume":"37","author":"Siegfried","year":"1984","journal-title":"Landwirtsch. Forsch."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-006-0802-y","article-title":"Dominance of Prevotella and Low Abundance of Classical Ruminal Bacterial Species in the Bovine Rumen Revealed by Relative Quantification Real-Time PCR","volume":"75","author":"Stevenson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4516","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000080107","article-title":"Global Patterns of 16S RRNA Diversity at a Depth of Millions of Sequences per Sample","volume":"108","author":"Caporaso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2012.8","article-title":"Ultra-High-Throughput Microbial Community Analysis on the Illumina HiSeq and MiSeq Platforms","volume":"6","author":"Caporaso","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7537","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01541-09","article-title":"Introducing Mothur: Open-Source, Platform-Independent, Community-Supported Software for Describing and Comparing Microbial Communities","volume":"75","author":"Schloss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr381","article-title":"UCHIME Improves Sensitivity and Speed of Chimera Detection","volume":"27","author":"Edgar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The SILVA Ribosomal RNA Gene Database Project: Improved Data Processing and Web-Based Tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8228","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.12.8228-8235.2005","article-title":"UniFrac: A New Phylogenetic Method for Comparing Microbial Communities","volume":"71","author":"Lozupone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0550-z","article-title":"Overcoming Barriers to Early Disease Intervention","volume":"38","author":"Caicedo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.08.078","article-title":"Effects of Chia (Salvia Hispanica L.) on Calcium Bioavailability and Inflammation in Wistar Rats","volume":"116","author":"Toledo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12423","article-title":"Chia Seed (Salvia Hispanica L.) as a Source of Proteins and Bioactive Peptides with Health Benefits : A Review","volume":"18","author":"Grancieri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"100298","article-title":"Digested Protein from Chia Seed (Salvia Hispanica L) Prevents Obesity and Associated Inflammation of Adipose Tissue in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet","volume":"21","author":"Grancieri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharma Nutr."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2017.3941","article-title":"Lipolysis-Stimulating Peptide from Soybean Protects Against High Fat Diet-Induced Apoptosis in Skeletal Muscles","volume":"21","author":"Hung","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12715","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.12715","article-title":"Study on the Ability of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum to Modulate the Gut Microbiota and Relieve Constipation","volume":"43","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishima, M.D.V., da Silva, B.P., Gomes, M.J.C., Toledo, R.C.L., Pereira, C.E.R., Costa, N.M.B., and Martino, H.S.D. (2022). Effect of Chia Flour Associated with High Fat Diet on Intestinal Health in Female Ovariectomized Wistar Rats. Eur. J. Nutr.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-022-03043-2"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4861","DOI":"10.1039\/C6FO00759G","article-title":"A High Fat Diet Does Not Affect the Iron Bioavailability in Wistar Rats Fed with Chia and Increases Gene Expression of Iron Metabolism Proteins","volume":"7","author":"Matyelka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.09.028","article-title":"Understanding the Impact of Chia Seed Mucilage on Human Gut Microbiota by Using the Dynamic Gastrointestinal Model Simgi\u00ae","volume":"50","author":"Tamargo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-021-02516-y","article-title":"Structural Diversity, Functional Aspects and Future Therapeutic Applications of Human Gut Microbiome","volume":"203","author":"Ghosh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez, M.A.G., Canfora, E.E., Jocken, J.W.E., and Blaak, E.E. (2019). The Short-Chain Fatty Acid Acetate in Body Weight Control and Insulin Sensitivity. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081943"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.3181\/0709-MR-262","article-title":"The Pig as an Experimental Model for Elucidating the Mechanisms Governing Dietary Influence on Mineral Absorption","volume":"233","author":"Patterson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.01.022","article-title":"Mining the Human Gut Microbiota for Immunomodulatory Organisms","volume":"168","author":"Sefik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxab049","article-title":"Reciprocal Regulation of IgA and the Gut Microbiota: A Key Mutualism in the Intestine","volume":"33","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00405-20","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00405-20","article-title":"A Soluble Fiber Diet Increases Bacteroides Fragilis Group Abundance and Immunoglobulin A Production in the Gut","volume":"86","author":"Nakajima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00082","article-title":"Intestinal Sensing by Gut Microbiota: Targeting Gut Peptides","volume":"10","author":"Covasa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinart, M., D\u00f6tsch, A., Schlicht, K., Laudes, M., Bouwma, J., Forslund, S.K., Pischon, T., and Nimptsch, K. (2022). Gut Microbiome Composition in Obese and Non-Obese Persons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14010012"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6025","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S300989","article-title":"The Immunomodulatory Functions of Butyrate","volume":"14","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0637-2","article-title":"Sequence and Cultivation Study of Muribaculaceae Reveals Novel Species, Host Preference, and Functional Potential of This yet Undescribed Family","volume":"7","author":"Lagkouvardos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, B.J., Miller, R.A., Ericsson, A.C., Harrison, D.C., Strong, R., and Schmidt, T.M. (2019). Changes in the Gut Microbiome and Fermentation Products Concurrent with Enhanced Longevity in Acarbose-Treated Mice. BMC Microbiol., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1494-7"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104746","article-title":"A Novel Approach for an Immunogen against Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis Infection: An Escherichia Coli Bacterin Expressing Phospholipase D","volume":"151","author":"Brenner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4036","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO00862D","article-title":"Effects of Chia (Salvia Hispanica L.) on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Ovariectomized Adult Female Wistar Rats","volume":"10","author":"Toledo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.104026","article-title":"Effect of Different Fractions of Chia (Salvia Hispanica L.) on Glucose Metabolism, in Vivo and in Vitro","volume":"71","author":"Enes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2019.1711362","article-title":"Sustained Effects of Resistant Starch on the Expression of Genes Related to Carbohydrate Digestion\/Absorption in the Small Intestine","volume":"71","author":"Honma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6157","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO01159F","article-title":"Plant Origin Prebiotics Affect Duodenal Brush Border Membrane Functionality and Morphology, in Vivo (Gallus gallus)","volume":"12","author":"Martino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/14\/22\/4924\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:22:42Z","timestamp":1760145762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/14\/22\/4924"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["nu14224924"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14224924","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]}}}