{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T03:12:24Z","timestamp":1784257944088,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council","award":["HDID5149\/KR\/202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HDID5149\/KR\/202"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sub-Saharan Africa is burdened with helminthiasis and HIV\/AIDS, and there is a significant overlap between these infections. However, little is known about the extent of anaemia and malnutrition in HIV\/AIDS and helminth coinfected adults. The study investigated the anaemia profiles and nutritional status of HIV and helminth coinfected adult South Africans. Stool samples were collected from participants (N = 414) for parasite detection using the Kato\u2013Katz and Mini Parasep\u00ae SF techniques. Blood was collected to determine participants\u2019 HIV status, micro- and macronutrients, haematological parameters, and Ascaris lumbricoides-specific IgE and IgG4 levels. Thereafter, participants were stratified into single infection (HIV or helminths), coinfection, and uninfected controls (no HIV and helminth) groups. The majority (74.9%) of participants had CD4 counts of &gt;500 cells\/\u03bcL, indicating no significant immunosupression. The coinfected group had an overall anaemia prevalence of 16.9%, which was lower than that of the HIV-infected group (44.6%) and higher than helminth infected group (15.4%). Overall helminth prevalence was 33%, with Ascaris lumbricoides being the most prevalent. The coinfected group also had lower vitamin A (p = 0.0107), calcium (p = 0.0002), and albumin (p &lt; 0.0001) levels compared to HIV\/helminth uninfected controls. Unexpectedly, the coinfected group had the highest serum iron levels, followed by the helminth-infected and control groups, both of which had similar iron levels, and finally, the HIV-infected group, which had the lowest iron levels (p = 0.04). Coinfected adults may be prone to micronutrient deficiency and anaemia. Further research and intervention programmes are required in this neglected field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14234970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T02:54:05Z","timestamp":1669258445000},"page":"4970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Anaemia and Nutritional Status during HIV and Helminth Coinfection among Adults in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4757-1324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miranda N.","family":"Mpaka-Mbatha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Umlazi, Durban 4031, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R. Mandela Medical School Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa"},{"name":"Division of Research Capacity Development, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pragalathan","family":"Naidoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R. Mandela Medical School Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa"},{"name":"Division of Research Capacity Development, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7357-9645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Mazharul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality, Doha P.O. Box 35081, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0407-4635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravesh","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0373-9973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zilungile L.","family":"Mkhize-Kwitshana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R. Mandela Medical School Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa"},{"name":"Division of Research Capacity Development, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1159\/000445852","article-title":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)","volume":"43","author":"Seitz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transfus. Med. Hemotherapy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2016.0100","article-title":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus Immune Cell Receptors, Coreceptors, and Cofactors: Implications for Prevention and Treatment","volume":"30","author":"Woodham","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"UNAIDS (2022, August 26). 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