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In this study, we investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of the polyphenol-enriched fraction extracted from Myrtus communis (PEMC) on acute and chronic leukemia. According to the UHPLC-MSn, the fraction is rich in flavonoids. Protective activity of the PEMC was assessed by evaluating the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and hemolysis potential in a series of in vivo and in vitro assays, while the therapeutic approach consisted of the evaluation of cytotoxic activity of the PEMC against HL60 and K562 leukemia cell lines. Safety of the fraction was also evaluated on a non-cancerous Vero cell line and by an acute toxicity test performed in mice. The PEMC demonstrated a significant anti-inflammatory and healing potential. The activities found at the dose of 100 mg\/kg were better than those observed using a reference drug. The PEMC demonstrated a significant antioxidant effect and a specific cytotoxicity towards HL60 (IC50 = 19.87 \u00b5M) and K562 (IC50 = 29.64 \u00b5M) cell lines being non-toxic to the Vero cell line. No hemolytic activity was observed in vitro and no toxicity effect was found in mice. Thus, the PEMC has a pharmacological potential as both preventive and therapeutic agent. However, further research is necessary to propose its mechanism of action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14235055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T06:04:36Z","timestamp":1669615476000},"page":"5055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Antileukemic, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Healing Activities Induced by a Polyphenol-Enriched Fraction Extracted from Leaves of Myrtus communis L."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4571-9089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamza","family":"Mechchate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Eduardo","family":"de Castro Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imane","family":"Es-safi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4759-3312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amal","family":"Amaghnouje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1622-4490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima Zahra","family":"Jawhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0319-785X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regiane","family":"Costa de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, The State University of Amazonas, Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus 69050-010, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"de Freitas Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, The State University of Amazonas, Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus 69050-010, AM, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6266-4991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET)\u2014CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9001-7954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemilson","family":"Soares Pontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, AM, Brazil"},{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, The State University of Amazonas, Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus 69050-010, AM, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalila","family":"Bousta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7387-3676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andriy","family":"Grafov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. 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