{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T01:18:21Z","timestamp":1780708701210,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"H&amp;H Group (Swisse Wellness Pty Ltd)"},{"name":"Australian Research Training Program Stipends"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Previous randomized controlled trials examining cognitive and mood effects of combination multivitamin supplements in healthy, non-clinical adults have reported mixed results. One purported explanation for this is that the dietary status of participants at the start of supplement interventions may influence the magnitude of the effect of supplementation. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the effect of a multinutrient formula containing B group vitamins, Bacopa monniera and Ginkgo biloba on memory, attention, mood and biochemical markers of nutrient status in middle-aged adults (M = 52.84 years, n = 141) with \u2018optimal\u2019 and \u2018sub-optimal\u2019 diets over 12 weeks. We hypothesised that active supplementation would differentially improve memory and attention in those with a \u2018sub-optimal\u2019 diet. Results: Mixed model, repeated measures analysis revealed that, in comparison to placebo, active treatment was associated with significant increases in B vitamin status (B1, B6, B12). Regarding behavioural outcomes there was no significant benefit to memory (F(1, 113.51) = 0.53, p = 0.470) nor attention (F(1,113.77) = 1.89, p = 0.171) in the whole cohort. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was a significant beneficial effect of supplementation on attentional performance in individuals with an \u2018optimal\u2019 diet prior to supplementation (F(1,57.25) = 4.94, p = 0.030). In the absence of a main effect of supplementation across the entire cohort, there were also a number of significant three-way interactions (treatment by time by diet group) detected in secondary outcomes including lower state anxiety and mental fatigue in those with an \u2018optimal\u2019 diet. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the cognitive benefit of B vitamin and herbal supplementation may be dependent on diet quality, supporting the concepts of \u2018co-nutrient optimisation\u2019 and interdependency of nutrients. This warrants further investigation. This study advocates characterising the diet of participants prior to supplementation as it may influence the effect of a nutraceutical intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14235079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T04:32:53Z","timestamp":1669782773000},"page":"5079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Investigating the Effects of a Multinutrient Supplement on Cognition, Mood and Biochemical Markers in Middle-Aged Adults with \u2018Optimal\u2019 and \u2018Sub-Optimal\u2019 Diets: A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2020-0400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1907-1066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Gauci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia"},{"name":"Food & Mood Centre, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1277-843X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lizanne","family":"Arnoldy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6679-7700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8694-1474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9902-0858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denny","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie-Claude","family":"Lassemillante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing and Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9914-3324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Ogden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Silber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swisse Wellness Pty Ltd., Melbourne, VIC 3066, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4484-5462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Scholey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Pipingas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph6041335","article-title":"Dietary patterns associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Population based study","volume":"6","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. 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