{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:59:55Z","timestamp":1787029195368,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81872397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81872397"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2015BAI13B07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015BAI13B07"]}]},{"name":"National Key Technology R&amp;D Program of China","award":["81872397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81872397"]}]},{"name":"National Key Technology R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2015BAI13B07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015BAI13B07"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several observational studies have indicated the potential associations among calcium, vitamin D (Vit-D), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the causal relationship deduced from these studies is subject to residual confounding factors and reverse causation. Therefore, we aimed to explore the bidirectional causal effects among serum calcium, Vit-D, PTH, and IBS at the genetic level by a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of the datasets from IEU OpenGWAS database. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness. The estimates were presented as odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The results of the inverse variance weighted method did not reveal any causal relationship between the genetically predisposed calcium (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.80\u20131.06, p = 0.25) and Vit-D (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.83\u20131.19, p = 0.94) level and the risk of IBS. The bidirectional analysis demonstrated that genetic predisposition to IBS was associated with a decreased level of PTH (beta: \u22120.19, 95%CI: \u22120.34 to \u22120.04, p = 0.01). In conclusion, the present study indicates no causal relationship between the serum calcium and Vit-D concentrations and the risk of IBS. The potential mechanisms via which IBS affects serum PTH need to be further investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14235109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T03:57:28Z","timestamp":1669867048000},"page":"5109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Role of Calcium, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, and Parathyroid Hormone in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ning","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"},{"name":"Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiale","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"},{"name":"Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuai","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"},{"name":"Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31548-8","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"396","author":"Ford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.22532","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Review","volume":"325","author":"Camilleri","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0286-8","article-title":"Global burden of irritable bowel syndrome: Trends, predictions and risk factors","volume":"17","author":"Black","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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