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Cancer Foundation","award":["01KT1503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KT1503"]}]},{"name":"Huntsman Cancer Foundation","award":["R01 CA189184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA189184"]}]},{"name":"Huntsman Cancer Foundation","award":["U01 CA206110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 CA206110"]}]},{"name":"Huntsman Cancer Foundation","award":["U01CA206110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CA206110"]}]},{"name":"Huntsman Cancer Foundation","award":["R01CA207371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA207371"]}]},{"name":"Huntsman Cancer Foundation","award":["R01189184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01189184"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway has been linked to cancer aetiology and survivorship, and diet potentially affects metabolites of this pathway, but evidence to date is scarce. Among 247 stage I-III CRC survivors, repeated measurements were performed at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year post-treatment. Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund\/ American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF) and Dutch Healthy Diet (DHD) recommendations was operationalized using seven-day dietary records. Plasma kynurenines of nine metabolites were analysed. Longitudinal associations of adherence to these dietary patterns and plasma kynurenines were analysed using confounder-adjusted linear mixed-models. In general, higher adherence to the dietary WCRF\/AICR and DHD recommendations was associated with lower concentrations of kynurenines with pro-oxidative, pro-inflammatory, and neurotoxic properties (3-hydroxykynurenine (HK) and quinolinic acid (QA)), and higher concentrations of kynurenines with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties (kynurenic acid (KA) and picolinic acid (Pic)), but associations were weak and not statistically significant. Statistically significant positive associations between individual recommendations and kynurenines were observed for: nuts with kynurenic-acid-to-quinolinic-acid ratio (KA\/QA); alcohol with KA\/QA, KA, and xanthurenic acid (XA); red meat with XA; and cheese with XA. Statistically significant inverse associations were observed for: nuts with kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR) and hydroxykynurenine ratio; alcohol with KTR; red meat with 3-hydroxyanthranilic-to-3-hydroxykynurenine ratio; ultra-processed foods with XA and KA\/QA; and sweetened beverages with KA\/QA. Our findings suggest that CRC survivors might benefit from adhering to the dietary WCRF and DHD recommendations in the first year after treatment, as higher adherence to these dietary patterns is generally, but weakly associated with more favourable concentrations of kynurenines and their ratios. These results need to be validated in other studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14235151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T04:40:09Z","timestamp":1670215209000},"page":"5151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Longitudinal Associations of Adherence to the Dietary World Cancer Research Fund\/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF\/AICR) and Dutch Healthy Diet (DHD) Recommendations with Plasma Kynurenines in Colorectal Cancer Survivors after Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Dani\u00eblle D. B.","family":"Holthuijsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, CARIM School for Cardivascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5558-1258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martijn J. 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G.","family":"Janssen-Heijnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Centre, 5912 BL Venlo, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6666-8773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric T. P.","family":"Keulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Internal Medicine and Gastroentology, Zuyderland Medical Centre Sittard-Geleen, 6162 BG Geleen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per M.","family":"Ueland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bevital AS, 5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8ivind","family":"Midttun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bevital AS, 5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5238-6900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie","family":"Brezina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8085-2072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biljana","family":"Gigic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9795-1528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Gsur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7154-8207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dieuwertje E.","family":"Kok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Ose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelia M.","family":"Ulrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matty P.","family":"Weijenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0559-6838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone J. 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