{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:59:55Z","timestamp":1787029195470,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Materna Institute for Research and Infant Nutrition Promotion","award":["01082019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01082019"]}]},{"name":"Materna Institute for Research and Infant Nutrition Promotion","award":["07062017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["07062017"]}]},{"name":"BUMCA intramural fund","award":["01082019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01082019"]}]},{"name":"BUMCA intramural fund","award":["07062017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["07062017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy has substantial hormonal consequences, such as fetal brain damage. Data on the potential effects of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency on the thyroid function of pregnant women and their newborns are scarce and divergent. We investigated the association between iodine intake in pregnancy and maternal and neonatal thyroid function in a region with mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency. Pregnant women\u2019s iodine status was evaluated using an iodine food frequency questionnaire, serum thyroglobulin (Tg), and urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Neonatal thyrotropin (nTSH) values were measured after birth. Obstetrics and anthropometric data were also collected. Among the 178 women (median age 31 years) included in the study, median (interquartile range) estimated dietary iodine intake, Tg and UIC were 179 (94\u2013268) \u03bcg\/day, 18 (11\u201333) \u03bcg\/L, and 60 (41\u201395) \u03bcg\/L, respectively. There was a significant inverse association of iodine intake with Tg values among the study population (\u03b2 = \u22120.2, F = 7.5, p &lt; 0.01). Women with high free triiodothyronine (FT3) values were more likely to exhibit an estimated iodine intake below the estimated average requirement (160 \u03bcg\/day, odds ratio [OR] = 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1\u20136.4; p = 0.04) and less likely to consume iodine-containing supplements (OR = 0.3, 95% CI, 0.1\u20130.8; p = 0.01). It is possible that thyroid function may be affected by iodine insufficiency during pregnancy in regions with mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency. The relatively small sample size of the studied population warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14245336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T02:54:02Z","timestamp":1671159242000},"page":"5336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Can Mild-to-Moderate Iodine Deficiency during Pregnancy Alter Thyroid Function? Lessons from a Mother\u2013Newborn Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"Shenhav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beersheba 8410501, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9659-5018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Benbassat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Institute, Shamir Medical Center (Assaf Harofeh), Be\u2019er Ya\u2019akov 7033001, Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dov","family":"Gefel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutritional Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shmuel","family":"Zangen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beersheba 8410501, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3119-877X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shani R.","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutritional Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Avrahami-Benyounes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Health Center, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Southern Region, Beersheba 8489312, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shlomo","family":"Almashanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Newborn Screening Program, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer 5262000, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludmila","family":"Groisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv 6108401, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efrat","family":"Rorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv 6108401, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shlomo","family":"Fytlovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyal Y.","family":"Anteby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beersheba 8410501, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaniv S.","family":"Ovadia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel"},{"name":"Foreign Studies Department, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1159\/000442078","article-title":"The Importance of Adequate Iodine during Pregnancy and Infancy","volume":"115","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Rev. Nutr. 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