{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T22:06:47Z","timestamp":1788386807517,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MSWiA DIALOG","award":["0102\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0102\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Pomeranian Medical University","award":["0102\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0102\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with dysfunction of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites. We aimed to assess whether replacing bread with high-fiber buns beneficially changes the metabolome in NAFLD patients. This study involved 27 adult patients with NAFLD validated by FibroScan\u00ae (CAP \u2265 234 dB\/m). Patients were asked to replace their existing bread for two meals with high-fiber buns. In this way, the patients ate two rolls every day for 2 months. The following parameters were analysed (at the beginning and after 2 months): the anthropometric data (BIA), eating habits (24 h food recalls), gut barrier markers (lipopolysaccharide S and liposaccharide binding protein (LPS, LBP)), serum short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs) by GC\/MS chromatography, as well as serum metabolites (by 1H NMR spectroscopy). After 2 months of high-fiber roll consumption, the reduction of liver steatosis was observed (change Fibroscan CAP values from 309\u2013277 dB\/m). In serum propionate, acetate, isovaleric, and 2-methylbutyric decrease was observed. Proline, choline and one unknown molecule had higher relative concentration in serum at endpoint. A fiber-targeted dietary approach may be helpful in the treatment of patients with NAFLD, by changing the serum microbiota metabolome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14245355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T07:59:21Z","timestamp":1671436761000},"page":"5355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Precision Nutrition in NAFLD: Effects of a High-Fiber Intervention on the Serum Metabolome of NAFD Patients\u2014A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4009-1977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Stachowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Faculty of Health Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2293-6489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"Maciejewska-Markiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Faculty of Health Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0620-3776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemical Science, Faculty of Health Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4108-682X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina Anna","family":"Mielko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7085-0287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Badr","family":"Qasem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2429-4643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Koz\u0142owska-Petriczko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0088-8284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Ufnal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna Ewa","family":"Sokolowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Clinical Epigenetics Laboratory, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Hawry\u0142kowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Faculty of Health Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrycja","family":"Za\u0142\u0119ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Faculty of Health Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Jakubczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Faculty of Health Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Wunsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Ryterska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition 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