{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:23:10Z","timestamp":1790382190155,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia has funded this project, under grant no. (RG-43-166-43)","award":["RG-43-166-43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG-43-166-43"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Garcinia mangostana L. (Clusiaceae), a popular tropical fruit for its juiciness and sweetness, is an opulent fountain of prenylated and oxygenated xanthones with a vast array of bio-activities. Garcinone E (GE), a xanthone derivative reported from G. mangostana, possesses cytotoxic and aromatase inhibitory activities. The present research endeavors to investigate the hepato-protection efficaciousness of GE on concanavalin-A (Con-A)-instigated hepatitis. Results showed that GE pretreating noticeably diminishes both the serum indices (transaminases, ALP, LDH, and \u03b3-GT) and histopathological lesions of the liver. It counteracted neutrophil and CD4+ infiltration into the liver. GE furthered the Nrf2 genetic expression and its antioxidants\u2019 cascade, which resulted in amelioration of Con-A-caused oxidative stress (OS), lipid per-oxidative markers (4-HNE, MDA, PC) reduction, and intensified antioxidants (TAC, SOD, GSH) in the hepatic tissue. Additionally, GE prohibited NF-\u0138B (nuclear factor kappa-B) activation and lessened the genetics and levels of downstream cytokines (IL1\u03b2 and IL6). Moreover, the TNF-\u03b1\/JNK axis was repressed in GE-treated mice, which was accompanied by attenuation of Con-A-induced apoptosis. These findings demonstrated the protective potential of GE in Con-A-induced hepatitis which may be associated with Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling activation and OS suppression, as well as modulation of the NF-\u03baB and TNF-\u03b1\/JNK\/apoptosis signaling pathway. These results suggest the potential use of GE as a novel hepato-protective agent against autoimmune hepatitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T03:59:26Z","timestamp":1671595166000},"page":"16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Garcinone E Mitigates Oxidative Inflammatory Response and Protects against Experimental Autoimmune Hepatitis via Modulation of Nrf2\/HO-1, NF-\u03baB and TNF-\u03b1\/JNK Axis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2971-6008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gamal A.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6858-7560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrin R. M.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rawan H.","family":"Hareeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5142-0588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lenah S.","family":"Binmahfouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1850-5686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amina M.","family":"Bagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0234-7492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hossam M.","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7142-292X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wael M.","family":"Elsaed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina S.","family":"El-Agamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13203","article-title":"Pathogens and autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"195","author":"Christen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.106137","article-title":"Demethyleneberberine attenuates concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice through inhibition of NF-\u03baB and MAPK signaling","volume":"80","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2014.11.006","article-title":"Paeoniflorin protects against concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in mice","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3929","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2019.1671433","article-title":"Taraxasterol from Taraxacum prevents concanavalin A-induced acute hepatic injury in mice via modulating TLRs\/NF-\u03baB and Bax\/Bc1-2 signalling pathways","volume":"47","author":"Sang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12651","article-title":"Pirfenidone ameliorates concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in mice via modulation of reactive oxygen species\/nuclear factor kappa B signalling pathways","volume":"68","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1159\/000373971","article-title":"Emodin protects against concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in mice through inhibiting activation of the p38 MAPK-NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"35","author":"Xue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.12.021","article-title":"Angelica sinensis polysaccharide attenuates concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.04.005","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory potential of Portulaca oleracea, L. (purslane) extract by partial suppression on NF-\u03baB and MAPK activation","volume":"290","author":"Miao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00292","article-title":"Pristimerin as a novel hepatoprotective agent against experimental autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"9","author":"Shaaban","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2748367","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2748367","article-title":"Shikonin Attenuates Concanavalin A-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice via Inhibition of the JNK Pathway","volume":"2016","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2020.114931","article-title":"Montelukast ameliorates Concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice via inhibiting TNF-\u03b1\/JNK signaling pathway","volume":"393","author":"Abdelrahman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-022-01058-z","article-title":"Escin suppresses immune cell infiltration and selectively modulates Nrf2\/HO-1, TNF-\u03b1\/JNK, and IL-22\/STAT3 signaling pathways in concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice","volume":"30","author":"Elshal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115223","article-title":"Cucurbitacin E glucoside alleviates concanavalin A-induced hepatitis through enhancing SIRT1\/Nrf2\/HO-1 and inhibiting NF-\u0138B\/NLRP3 signaling pathways","volume":"292","author":"Mohamed","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"35","article-title":"Hepatoprotective activity of Costus speciosus against paracetamol-induced liver injury in mice","volume":"15","author":"AlSaadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Afr. J. Tradit. Complement Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2012.12.062","article-title":"Recent advances in natural products from plants for treatment of liver diseases","volume":"63","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibrahim, S.R.M., Sirwi, A., Eid, B.G., Mohamed, S.G.A., and Mohamed, G.A. (2021). Summary of natural products ameliorate concanavalin A-induced liver injury: Structures, sources, pharmacological effects, and mechanisms of action. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10020228"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2014.901313","article-title":"A new furanoxanthone from Garcinia mangostana","volume":"16","author":"Ee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.01.030","article-title":"New xanthones and cytotoxic constituents from Garcinia mangostana fruit hulls against human hepatocellular, breast, and colorectal cancer cell lines","volume":"198","author":"Mohamed","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2017.1423058","article-title":"Garcixanthone A, a new cytotoxic xanthone from the pericarps of Garcinia mangostana","volume":"21","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2017-0122","article-title":"Mangostanaxanthone VII, a new cytotoxic xanthone from Garcinia mangostana","volume":"73","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Z. Naturforsch."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2018.03.009","article-title":"Garcixanthones B and C new xanthones from the pericarps of Garcinia mangostana and their cytotoxic activity","volume":"25","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytochem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2018.1446012","article-title":"Mangostanaxanthone VIII, new xanthone from Garcinia mangostana and its cytotoxic activity","volume":"33","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3291","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO00378E","article-title":"Protective activity of tovophyllin A a xanthone isolated from Garcinia mangostana pericarps against acetaminophen-induced hepatic damage: Role of Nrf2 activation","volume":"9","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Fun."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800354","DOI":"10.1002\/star.201800354","article-title":"Garcixanthone D, a new xanthone and other xanthones derivatives from Garcinia mangostana pericarps, their \u03b1-amylase inhibitory potential, and molecular docking study","volume":"71","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Starch-St\u00e4rke"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjp.2019.02.005","article-title":"Mangostanaxanthone VIIII, a new xanthone from Garcinia mangostana pericarps, \u03b1-amylase inhibitory activity, and molecular docking studies","volume":"29","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Braz. J. Pharmacog."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12844","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.12844","article-title":"\u03b1-Amylase inhibitors xanthones from Garcinia mangostana pericarps and its possible use for the treatment of diabetes with their molecular docking studies","volume":"43","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2020.07.007","article-title":"New benzophenones and a dihydroflavanonol from Garcinia mangostana pericarps and their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities","volume":"39","author":"Mohamed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytochem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2008.07.024","article-title":"Medicinal properties of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana)","volume":"46","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.2174\/157019308786242223","article-title":"Structural characterization, biological effects, and synthetic studies on xanthones from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), a popular botanical dietary supplement","volume":"5","author":"Chin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Are antioxidants helpful for disease prevention?","volume":"5","author":"Hajhashemi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"458","article-title":"High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, antioxidant, antiaggregation of mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana, L.)","volume":"4","author":"Widowati","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Biosci. Biochem. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.5530\/pj.2019.11.56","article-title":"Xanthones analysis and antioxidant activity analysis (applying esr) of six different maturity levels of mangosteen rind extract (Garcinia mangostana Linn.)","volume":"11","author":"Gondokesumo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacog. J."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"2572","article-title":"The effect of solvents and extraction time on total xanthone and antioxidant yields of mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana, L.) extract","volume":"10","author":"Kusmayadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Invent. Today"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2016.03.023","article-title":"Alpha-lipoic acid protects mice against concanavalin A-induced hepatitis by modulating cytokine secretion and reducing reactive oxygen species generation","volume":"35","author":"Fei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feldman, A.T., and Wolfe, D. (2014). Tissue processing and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Histopathology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1050-2_3"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shehata, A.M., Elbadawy, H.M., Ibrahim, S.R.M., Mohamed, G.A., Elsaed, W.M., Alhaddad, A.A., Ahmed, N., Abo-Haded, H., and El-Agamy, D.S. (2022). Alpha-mangostin as a new therapeutic candidate for concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis: Impact on the SIRT1\/Nrf2 and NF-\u03baB crosstalk. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11182441"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.41.958","article-title":"The structure of garcinone, E","volume":"41","author":"Sakai","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2019.20.1.65","article-title":"Antimetastatic potential of garcinone E in human oral cancer cells","volume":"20","author":"Sheeja","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-016-1051-8","article-title":"Mangostanaxanthones III and IV: Advanced glycation end-product inhibitors from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana","volume":"71","author":"Abdallah","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1021\/np8000255","article-title":"Xanthones from the botanical dietary supplement mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) with aromatase inhibitory activity","volume":"71","author":"Balunas","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108411","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Concanavalin A induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice","volume":"102","author":"Hao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1515\/biol-2022-0013","article-title":"Concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis model in mice: Mechanisms and future outlook","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i2.119","article-title":"Immune mechanisms of Concanavalin A model of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109481","article-title":"Glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt alleviates Concanavalin A-induced immunological liver injury in mice through the regulation of the balance of immune cells and the inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis","volume":"120","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00624","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effect of San-Cao granule on Con A-induced liver injury in mice and mechanisms of action exploration","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.2298\/ABS190121016L","article-title":"Eugenol attenuates concanavalin A-induced hepatitis through modulation of cytokine levels and inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative stress","volume":"71","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-017-1410-3","article-title":"Propolis alleviates concanavalin A-induced hepatitis by modulating cytokine secretion and inhibition of reactive oxygen species","volume":"390","author":"Mounieb","year":"2017","journal-title":"N-S Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bai, K., Hong, B., He, J., and Huang, W. (2020). Antioxidant Capacity and Hepatoprotective Role of Chitosan-Stabilized Selenium Nanoparticles in Concanavalin A-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030857"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"2983","article-title":"Protective effect of galangin in Concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in mice","volume":"9","author":"Luo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2022.2080234","article-title":"S-Propargyl-cysteine prevents concanavalin A-induced immunological liver injury in mice","volume":"60","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharm Biol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.11.017","article-title":"Induction of hepatitis by JNK-mediated expression of TNF-alpha","volume":"136","author":"Das","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677215572841","article-title":"The concanavalin A mbodel of acute hepatitis in mice","volume":"49","author":"Heymann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lab Anim."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5385","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S89096","article-title":"Ghrelin reduces liver impairment in a model of concanavalin A-induced acute hepatitis in mice","volume":"9","author":"Mao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/1\/16\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:45:05Z","timestamp":1760147105000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/1\/16"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["nu15010016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15010016","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]}}}