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The mechanisms of cancer development have not yet been fully elucidated, and new therapies are changing with each passing day. Evidence from the literature has validated the finding that the composition and modification of gut microbiota play an important role in the development of many different types of cancer. The results also demonstrate that there is a bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota and radiotherapy treatments for cancer. In a nutshell, the modifications of the gut microbiota caused by radiotherapy have an effect on tumor radiosensitivity and, as a result, affect the efficacy of radiotherapy and show a certain radiation toxicity, which leads to numerous side effects. What is of new research significance is that the \u201cgut-organ axis\u201d formed by the gut microbiota may be one of the most interesting potential mechanisms, although the relevant research is still very limited. In this review, we combine new insights into the relationship between the gut microbiota, cancer, and radiotherapy. Based on our current comprehensive understanding of this relationship, we give an overview of the new cancer treatments based on the gut microbiota.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T03:02:15Z","timestamp":1671764535000},"page":"48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["New Insights into the Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Radiotherapy for Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiyang","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100142, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7617-3165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1656-8285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1455-9596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2021.6987","article-title":"Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"8","author":"Kocarnik","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.0494","article-title":"The Potential of the Gut Microbiome to Reshape the Cancer Therapy Paradigm: A Review","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2016.11.004","article-title":"Bacterial Biofilms in Colorectal Cancer Initiation and Progression","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Mol. 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