{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:55:52Z","timestamp":1793307352740,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of scientific research at King Saud University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study estimated that the combined effect of \u03b3-Oryzanol and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats also estimated some of their mechanisms of action. Adult male rats were divided into seven groups (n = 8 each) as control, control + NAC, control + \u03b3-Oryzanol, HFD, HFD + NAC, HFD + \u03b3-Oryzanol, and HFD + NAC + \u03b3-Oryzanol. NAC was administered orally at a final concentration of 200 mg\/kg, whereas \u03b3-Oryzanol was added to diets at a concentration of 0.16. All treatments were conducted for 17 weeks and daily. Both NAC and \u03b3-Oryzanol were able to reduce final body weights, fat weights, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, serum, and serum levels of liver function enzymes as well as the inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), interleukine-6 (IL-6), and leptin in HFD-fed rats. They also improved hepatic structure and glucose tolerance, increased adiponectin levels, and reduced serum and hepatic levels of triglycerides (TGs) and cholesterol (CHOL) in these rats. These effects were concomitant with a reduction in the hepatic levels of lipid peroxides (MDA) and serum levels of LDL-C, but also with an increment in the hepatic levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Interestingly, only treatment with \u03b3-Oryzanol stimulated the mRNA levels of proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR\u03b1) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) of rats. Of note, the combination therapy of both drugs resulted in maximum effects and restored almost normal liver structure and basal levels of all the above-mentioned metabolic parameters. In conclusion, a combination therapy of \u03b3-Oryzanol and NAC is an effective therapy to treat NAFLD, which can act via several mechanisms on the liver and adipose tissue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T02:50:01Z","timestamp":1672109401000},"page":"106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Synergistic Protective Effect of \u03b3-Oryzanol (OZ) and N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) against Experimentally Induced NAFLD in Rats Entails Hypoglycemic, Antioxidant, and PPAR\u03b1 Stimulatory Effects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ashwag H.","family":"Alwadani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Home Economics, University College in Farasan, Jazan University, Jazan 54943, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soheir A.","family":"Almasri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal A.","family":"Aloud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawal A.","family":"Albadr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2043-1209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghedeir M.","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5665-9600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Abdo","family":"Yahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Recena Aydos, L., Aparecida do Amaral, L., Serafim de Souza, R., Jacobowski, A.C., Freitas dos Santos, E., and Rodrigues Macedo, M.L. 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