{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:30:40Z","timestamp":1792042240546,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32172755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172755"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32130099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32130099"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020RC3052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020RC3052"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022NK2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NK2023"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["CARS-35"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-35"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["Guike AB22035039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Guike AB22035039"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["TSBICIP-CXRC-038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSBICIP-CXRC-038"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["21SH19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21SH19"]}]},{"name":"Huxiang Young Talent Support Program","award":["32172755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172755"]}]},{"name":"Huxiang Young Talent Support Program","award":["32130099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32130099"]}]},{"name":"Huxiang Young Talent Support Program","award":["2020RC3052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020RC3052"]}]},{"name":"Huxiang Young Talent Support Program","award":["2022NK2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NK2023"]}]},{"name":"Huxiang Young Talent Support Program","award":["CARS-35"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-35"]}]},{"name":"Huxiang Young Talent Support Program","award":["Guike AB22035039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Guike AB22035039"]}]},{"name":"Huxiang Young Talent Support Program","award":["TSBICIP-CXRC-038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSBICIP-CXRC-038"]}]},{"name":"Huxiang Young Talent Support Program","award":["21SH19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21SH19"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Key Research and Development Plan","award":["32172755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172755"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Key Research and Development Plan","award":["32130099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32130099"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Key Research and Development Plan","award":["2020RC3052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020RC3052"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Key Research and Development Plan","award":["2022NK2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NK2023"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Key Research and Development Plan","award":["CARS-35"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-35"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Key Research and Development Plan","award":["Guike AB22035039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Guike AB22035039"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Key Research and Development Plan","award":["TSBICIP-CXRC-038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSBICIP-CXRC-038"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Key Research and Development Plan","award":["21SH19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21SH19"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["32172755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172755"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["32130099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32130099"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["2020RC3052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020RC3052"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["2022NK2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NK2023"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["CARS-35"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-35"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["Guike AB22035039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Guike AB22035039"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["TSBICIP-CXRC-038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSBICIP-CXRC-038"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["21SH19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21SH19"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Technologies R&amp;D Program","award":["32172755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172755"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Technologies R&amp;D Program","award":["32130099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32130099"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Technologies R&amp;D Program","award":["2020RC3052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020RC3052"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Technologies R&amp;D Program","award":["2022NK2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NK2023"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Technologies R&amp;D Program","award":["CARS-35"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-35"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Technologies R&amp;D Program","award":["Guike AB22035039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Guike AB22035039"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Technologies R&amp;D Program","award":["TSBICIP-CXRC-038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSBICIP-CXRC-038"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Technologies R&amp;D Program","award":["21SH19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21SH19"]}]},{"name":"Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Project","award":["32172755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172755"]}]},{"name":"Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Project","award":["32130099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32130099"]}]},{"name":"Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Project","award":["2020RC3052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020RC3052"]}]},{"name":"Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Project","award":["2022NK2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NK2023"]}]},{"name":"Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Project","award":["CARS-35"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-35"]}]},{"name":"Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Project","award":["Guike AB22035039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Guike AB22035039"]}]},{"name":"Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Project","award":["TSBICIP-CXRC-038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSBICIP-CXRC-038"]}]},{"name":"Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Project","award":["21SH19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21SH19"]}]},{"name":"Changchun Academy Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project","award":["32172755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172755"]}]},{"name":"Changchun Academy Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project","award":["32130099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32130099"]}]},{"name":"Changchun Academy Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project","award":["2020RC3052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020RC3052"]}]},{"name":"Changchun Academy Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project","award":["2022NK2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NK2023"]}]},{"name":"Changchun Academy Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project","award":["CARS-35"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-35"]}]},{"name":"Changchun Academy Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project","award":["Guike AB22035039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Guike AB22035039"]}]},{"name":"Changchun Academy Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project","award":["TSBICIP-CXRC-038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSBICIP-CXRC-038"]}]},{"name":"Changchun Academy Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project","award":["21SH19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21SH19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endogenous glutathione (GSH) effectively regulates redox homeostasis in the body. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of different dietary levels of GSH supplementation on the intestinal barrier and antioxidant function in a paraquat-induced stress-weaned piglet model. Our results showed that dietary 0.06% GSH supplementation improved the growth performance of weaned piglets under normal and stressful conditions to some degree and decreased the diarrhea rate throughout. Exogenous GSH improved paraquat-induced changes in intestinal morphology, organelle, and permeability and reduced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis. Moreover, GSH treatment alleviated intestinal oxidative stress damage by upregulating antioxidant (GPX4, CnZnSOD, GCLC, and GCLM) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) gene expression and downregulating inflammatory cytokines (IFN-\u03b3 and IL-12) gene expression. Furthermore, GSH significantly reduced the expression levels of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), RXR\u03b1, HSP90, PP2Ac, CYP2B22, and CYP3A29, and increased the expression levels of GSTA1 and GSTA2 in the jejunum and ileum of paraquat-induced piglets. We conclude that exogenous GSH protects against oxidative stress damage by regulating the intestinal barrier, antioxidant capacity, and CAR signaling pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T02:44:03Z","timestamp":1672627443000},"page":"198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Glutathione Protects against Paraquat-Induced Oxidative Stress by Regulating Intestinal Barrier, Antioxidant Capacity, and CAR Signaling Pathway in Weaned Piglets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2700-2669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuan","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"},{"name":"College of Advanced Agricultural Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houfu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Flag Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Changsha 410100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Flag Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Changsha 410100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1184-6944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liuqin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0248-6900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yulong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"},{"name":"College of Advanced Agricultural Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6877-9693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiejun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"},{"name":"College of Advanced Agricultural Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634283","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.634283","article-title":"D-Galactose Induces Chronic Oxidative Stress and Alters Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-4-19","article-title":"The biological stress of early weaned piglets","volume":"4","author":"Campbell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, Y.W., Liu, Y.H., Guan, P., He, L.Q., and Zhou, X.H. (2022). Serine Administration Improves Selenium Status, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Function in Longissimus Dorsi Muscle of Piglets with Intrauterine Growth Retardation. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-022-03304-5"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7432797","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7432797","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: What Polyphenols Can Do for Us?","volume":"2016","author":"Hussain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longevity"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2018.09.019","article-title":"\u03b3-glutamylcysteine exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by increasing cellular glutathione level","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11273","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b04470","article-title":"Prevention of Oxidative Stress by \u03b1-Ketoglutarate via Activation of CAR Signaling and Modulation of the Expression of Key Antioxidant-Associated Targets in Vivo and in Vitro","volume":"66","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00196","article-title":"Glutathione: New roles in redox signaling for an old antioxidant","volume":"5","author":"Aquilano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2015.07.008","article-title":"Antioxidant responses and cellular adjustments to oxidative stress","volume":"6","author":"Miguel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.25.040185.003435","article-title":"The regulation of hepatic glutathione","volume":"25","author":"Kaplowitz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"312","article-title":"Manipulation of glutathione on growth performance and growth hormone\/insulin-like growth factor-I axis in fattening sheep","volume":"21","author":"Jiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin. J. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2014.12.038","article-title":"Effects of dietary reduced glutathione on growth performance, non-specific immunity, antioxidant capacity and expression levels of IGF-I and HSP70 mRNA of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)","volume":"438","author":"Ming","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2021.07.025","article-title":"Effect of exogenous glutathione supplementation on the in vitro developmental competence of ovine oocytes","volume":"173","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2010.09.009","article-title":"The effect of cysteine and glutathione on sperm and oxidative stress parameters of post-thawed bull semen","volume":"61","author":"Tuncer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2015-1145","article-title":"CAR Suppresses Hepatic Gluconeogenesis by Facilitating the Ubiquitination and Degradation of PGC1\u03b1","volume":"29","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2014.102","article-title":"Deciphering the roles of the constitutive androstane receptor in energy metabolism","volume":"36","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200054633899","article-title":"CAR, the continuously advancing receptor, in drug metabolism and disease","volume":"6","author":"Qatanani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46489","DOI":"10.1038\/srep46489","article-title":"Isothiocyanates induce UGT1A1 in humanized UGT1 mice in a CAR dependent fashion that is highly dependent upon oxidative stress","volume":"7","author":"Yoda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1073502","article-title":"Modulation of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by the xenobiotic receptor CAR","volume":"298","author":"Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8815383","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8815383","article-title":"The Associated Regulatory Mechanisms of Zinc Lactate in Redox Balance and Mitochondrial Function of Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cells","volume":"2020","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2022.03.001","article-title":"Glutamine in suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced piglet intestinal inflammation: The crosstalk between AMPK activation and mitochondrial function","volume":"10","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91965","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.20555","article-title":"Administration of alpha-ketoglutarate improves epithelial restitution under stress injury in early-weaning piglets","volume":"8","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, X., He, X., Peng, C., He, Y., Wang, C., Tang, W., Chen, H., Feng, Y., Liu, D., and Li, T. (2022). Improvement of Ulcerative Colitis by Aspartate via RIPK Pathway Modulation and Gut Microbiota Composition in Mice. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14183707"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2021.0100","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species\/Reactive Nitrogen Species as Messengers in the Gut: Impact on Physiology and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"37","author":"Abot","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-061516-045037","article-title":"Oxidative Stress","volume":"86","author":"Sies","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.06.034","article-title":"Paraquat induces behavioral changes and cortical and striatal mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"51","author":"Czerniczyniec","year":"2011","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18440","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75505-8","article-title":"Proteomic signatures of acute oxidative stress response to paraquat in the mouse heart","volume":"10","author":"Dostal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118572","article-title":"Ellagic acid ameliorates paraquat-induced liver injury associated with improved gut microbial profile","volume":"293","author":"Qi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz258.036","article-title":"Effects of glutathione on growth performance and intestinal health of piglets","volume":"97","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921773","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.921773","article-title":"Linkages of Various Calcium Sources on Immune Performance, Diarrhea Rate, Intestinal Barrier, and Post-gut Microbial Structure and Function in Piglets","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2653","article-title":"Intestinal mucosal barrier function in health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Turner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.05.038","article-title":"Intestinal barrier function: Molecular regulation and disease pathogenesis","volume":"124","author":"Groschwitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.003","article-title":"Ferroptosis turns 10: Emerging mechanisms, physiological functions, and therapeutic applications","volume":"185","author":"Stockwell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21635","article-title":"Hepatocyte-specific Gclc deletion leads to rapid onset of steatosis with mitochondrial injury and liver failure","volume":"45","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/35067088","article-title":"Multifunctional strands in tight junctions","volume":"2","author":"Tsukita","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63051-9","article-title":"Neutrophil transmigration in inflammatory bowel disease is associated with differential expression of epithelial intercellular junction proteins","volume":"159","author":"Kucharzik","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2017.1343143","article-title":"The intestinal barrier: A fundamental role in health and disease","volume":"11","author":"Vancamelbeke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109836","article-title":"Diamine oxidase (histaminase). A circulating marker for rat intestinal mucosal maturation and integrity","volume":"66","author":"Luk","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investg."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-016-0089-7","article-title":"The role of I-FABP as a biomarker of intestinal barrier dysfunction driven by gut microbiota changes in obesity","volume":"13","author":"Lau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.07.001","article-title":"Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease","volume":"39","author":"Valko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, G., Tao, J., Lu, J., Jia, G., Zhao, H., Chen, X., Tian, G., Cai, J., Zhang, R., and Wang, J. (2022). Dietary Tryptophan Supplementation Improves Antioxidant Status and Alleviates Inflammation, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Apoptosis, and Pyroptosis in the Intestine of Piglets after Lipopolysaccharide Challenge. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11050872"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4234061","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4234061","article-title":"Insights into the Role and Interdependence of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Liver Diseases","volume":"2016","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longevity"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"1122","article-title":"An okadaic acid-sensitive pathway involved in the phenobarbital-mediated induction of CYP2B gene expression in primary rat hepatocyte cultures","volume":"282","author":"Sidhu","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.64.5.1069","article-title":"Cytoplasmic accumulation of the nuclear receptor CAR by a tetratricopeptide repeat protein in HepG2 cells","volume":"64","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17277","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M300138200","article-title":"Identification of a novel human constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) agonist and its use in the identification of CAR target genes","volume":"278","author":"Maglich","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2006.09.015","article-title":"Comparative study of CYP2B induction in the liver of rats and mice by different compounds","volume":"80","author":"Pustylnyak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.3.489","article-title":"Glutathione metabolism and its implications for health","volume":"134","author":"Wu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/1\/198\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:48:46Z","timestamp":1760147326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/1\/198"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["nu15010198"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15010198","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]}}}