{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T10:28:16Z","timestamp":1793615296371,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011093","name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FF64-RIB008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF64-RIB008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011093","name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD61057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD61057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011093","name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UoE62013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UoE62013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Group in Exercise and Aging-Associated Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand","award":["FF64-RIB008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF64-RIB008"]}]},{"name":"Research Group in Exercise and Aging-Associated Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand","award":["RD61057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD61057"]}]},{"name":"Research Group in Exercise and Aging-Associated Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand","award":["UoE62013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UoE62013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Red rice bran extract (RRBE) is rich in phytonutrients and has been shown to have anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, its anti-hepatic steatosis and anti-dyslipidemic properties have not been thoroughly investigated. This study examined the aforementioned properties of RRBE, the underlying mechanism by which it alleviated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, and its major bioactive constituents. The mice were divided into four groups based on their diet: (1) low-fat diet (LFD), (2) LFD with high-dose RRBE (1 g\/kg\/day), (3) HFD, and (4) HFD with three different doses of RRBE (0.25, 0.5, and 1 g\/kg\/day). The administration of RRBE, especially at medium and high doses, significantly mitigated HFD-induced hepatosteatosis and concomitantly improved the serum lipid profile. Further, RRBE modified the level of expression of lipid metabolism-related genes (adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), liver X receptor alpha (LXR\u03b1), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), SREBP-2, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A)) in hepatic or adipose tissues and improved the expression of hepatic high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) cmetabolism-related genes (hepatic lipase (HL) and apolipoprotein A-\u01c0 (ApoA-\u01c0)). RRBE also attenuated markers of liver injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress, accompanied by a modulated expression of inflammatory (nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)), pro-oxidant (p47phox), and apoptotic (B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X and Bcl-2) genes in the liver. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses indicated the presence of protocatechuic acid, \u03b3-oryzanol, vitamin E, and coenzyme Q10 in RRBE. Our data indicate that RRBE alleviates HFD-induced hepatosteatosis, dyslipidemia, and their pathologic complications in part by regulating the expression of key genes involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T02:15:42Z","timestamp":1672798542000},"page":"246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Red Rice Bran Extract Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Dyslipidemia in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0097-6746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narongsuk","family":"Munkong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surasawadee","family":"Somnuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutrition for Health and Sport, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport Science, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1273-7934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nattanida","family":"Jantarach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Program, School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kingkarnonk","family":"Ruxsanawet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Program, School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piyawan","family":"Nuntaboon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaiphot","family":"Kanjoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture Program, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7023-3561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhornprom","family":"Yoysungnoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physiology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.06.004","article-title":"Overview of Epidemiology and Contribution of Obesity and Body Fat Distribution to Cardiovascular Disease: An update","volume":"61","author":"Poirier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. 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