{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T07:37:07Z","timestamp":1782632227700,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lallemand Health Solutions (Montreal, QC, Canada)","award":["13001033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13001033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microbiota studies have dramatically increased over these last two decades, and the repertoire of microorganisms with potential health benefits has been considerably enlarged. The development of next generation probiotics from new bacterial candidates is a long-term strategy that may be more efficient and rapid with discriminative in vitro tests. Streptococcus strains have received attention regarding their antimicrobial potential against pathogens of the upper and, more recently, the lower respiratory tracts. Pathogenic bacterial strains, such as non-typable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), are commonly associated with acute and chronic respiratory diseases, and it could be interesting to fight against pathogens with probiotics. In this study, we show that a Streptococcus mitis (S. mitis) EM-371 strain, isolated from the buccal cavity of a human newborn and previously selected for promising anti-inflammatory effects, displayed in vitro antimicrobial activity against NTHi, P. aeruginosa or S. aureus. However, the anti-pathogenic in vitro activity was not sufficient to predict an efficient protective effect in a preclinical model. Two weeks of treatment with S. mitis EM-371 did not protect against, and even exacerbated, NTHi lung infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15020263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T01:33:30Z","timestamp":1672882410000},"page":"263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["An Isolate of Streptococcus mitis Displayed In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Deleterious Effect in a Preclinical Model of Lung Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Elliot","family":"Mathieu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Micalis Institute, Institut National de Recherche pour L\u2019Agriculture, L\u2019Alimentation et L\u2019Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, UMR1319, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France"},{"name":"Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, AP-HP, F-75571 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quentin","family":"Marquant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire VIM-Suresnes, H\u00f4pital Foch, F-92150 Suresnes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Chain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Micalis Institute, Institut National de Recherche pour L\u2019Agriculture, L\u2019Alimentation et L\u2019Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, UMR1319, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France"},{"name":"Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, AP-HP, F-75571 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwige","family":"Bouguyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0042-3735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinciane","family":"Saint-Criq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Micalis Institute, Institut National de Recherche pour L\u2019Agriculture, L\u2019Alimentation et L\u2019Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, UMR1319, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France"},{"name":"Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, AP-HP, F-75571 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2012-0064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronan","family":"Le-Goffic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4883-6910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delphyne","family":"Descamps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Langella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Micalis Institute, Institut National de Recherche pour L\u2019Agriculture, L\u2019Alimentation et L\u2019Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, UMR1319, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France"},{"name":"Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, AP-HP, F-75571 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2990-2265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Tompkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lallemand Bio Ingredients, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Binda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lallemand Health Solutions, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7608-3274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muriel","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Micalis Institute, Institut National de Recherche pour L\u2019Agriculture, L\u2019Alimentation et L\u2019Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, UMR1319, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France"},{"name":"Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, AP-HP, F-75571 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"241","article-title":"Antibacterial activities of bacteriocins: Application in foods and pharmaceuticals","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. 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