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In addition to its well-documented effects on the musculoskeletal system, VitD also contributes importantly to the promotion and preservation of cardiovascular health via modulating the immune and inflammatory functions and regulating cell proliferation and migration, endothelial function, renin expression, and extracellular matrix homeostasis. This brief overview focuses on the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects of VitD and the cellular, molecular, and functional changes that occur in the circulatory system in VitD deficiency (VDD). It explores the links among VDD and adverse vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and increased risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Improved understanding of the complex role of VDD in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and vascular cognitive impairment is crucial for all cardiologists, dietitians, and geriatricians, as VDD presents an easy target for intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15020334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T01:57:48Z","timestamp":1673315868000},"page":"334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Role of Vitamin D Deficiency in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1793-1912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9va","family":"P\u00e1l","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd Research Network, Semmelweis University (ELKH-SU), Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"Ungv\u00e1ri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"},{"name":"International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine\/Departments of Public Health and Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6015-0359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"Beny\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd Research Network, Semmelweis University (ELKH-SU), Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7109-6906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szabolcs","family":"V\u00e1rb\u00edr\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Workgroup for Science Management, Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.301241","article-title":"Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease","volume":"114","author":"Norman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. 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