{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:41:22Z","timestamp":1791517282209,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Stroke recurrence significantly improves the prognosis quoad vitam et valetudinem of patients with a first ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke. Other than in bone and skeletal metabolism, vitamin D is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between 25OH-vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels at the first stroke and the stroke recurrence. To 31 July 2022, four prospective studies were identified. The potential non-linear relationship was evaluated by modelling 25(OH)D, using restricted cubic splines of 25(OH)D distribution. The pooled estimated risk (and 95% CI) of the recurrence of stroke, comparing the highest and the lowest levels, was assessed using a random-effect model. A non-linear association was found by dose-response analysis. This study found that 25(OH)D levels at the first stroke \u22659.3 ng\/mL were associated with a lower risk of stroke recurrence, compared with 25(OH)D levels \u22648.5 ng\/mL. In the pooled analysis, higher 25(OH)D levels at the first stroke significantly reduce the risk of stroke recurrence, with a significant heterogeneity among studies. In conclusion, 25(OH)D levels \u22648.5 ng\/mL at the first stroke are significantly associated with a higher risk of recurrent stroke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T04:19:40Z","timestamp":1674101980000},"page":"512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D and Risk of Recurrent Stroke: A Dose Response Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Anita","family":"Vergatti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0085-0067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Abate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7720-6870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aquilino","family":"Zarrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiore","family":"Manganelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatology Science, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9672-4577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Tozza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatology Science, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Iodice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatology Science, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1313-5599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianpaolo","family":"De Filippo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, H\u00f4pital Robert-Debr\u00e9, Service d\u2032Endocrinologie-Diab\u00e9tologie, 75019 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1782-0211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lanfranco","family":"D\u2019Elia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Strazzullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0331-0392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Rendina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31179-X","article-title":"Stroke","volume":"396","author":"Campbell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators (2021). Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Neurol., 20, 795\u2013820."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e254","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000950","article-title":"American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2021 Update: A Report from the American Heart Association","volume":"143","author":"Virani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e364","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000375","article-title":"2021 Guideline for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients with Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Guideline From the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"52","author":"Kleindorfer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, G., Li, L., Adachi, J.D., Wang, R., Ye, Z., Liu, X., Thabane, L., and Lip, G. (2022). Relationship between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Risk of Recurrent Stroke. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091908"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.028992","article-title":"Risk and Secondary Prevention of Stroke Recurrence: A Population-Base Cohort Study","volume":"51","author":"Flach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.602615","article-title":"Risk and cumulative risk of stroke recurrence: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Mohan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04797-5","article-title":"Cumulative risk of stroke recurrence over the last 10 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13093","article-title":"Recurrent ischemic stroke: Incidence, predictors, and impact on mortality","volume":"140","author":"Khanevski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385","article-title":"Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"96","author":"Holick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S98","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2008.00093.x","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor: Molecular signaling and actions of nutritional ligands in disease prevention","volume":"66","author":"Haussler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.05.035","article-title":"Vitamin D and the brain: Genomic and non-genomic actions","volume":"453","author":"Cui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.179135","article-title":"Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and sudden cardiac death: Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"58","author":"Deo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3989","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2276","article-title":"Effects of age and serum 25-OH-vitamin D on serum parathyroid hormone levels","volume":"97","author":"Valcour","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22563","article-title":"Meta-analysis of Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23738","article-title":"25-hydroxyvitamin D and symptomatic ischemic stroke: An original study and meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Nordestgaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, R., Wang, M., Huang, H., Li, W., Hu, Y., and Wu, T. (2018). Lower Vitamin D Status Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10030277"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1159\/000517584","article-title":"Association between Vitamin D and Risk of Stroke: A PRISMA-Compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"84","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09599-0","article-title":"Prognostic utility of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with stroke: A meta-analysis","volume":"267","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and elaboration","volume":"62","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116237","article-title":"Methods for trend estimation from summarized dose-response data, with applications to meta-analysis","volume":"135","author":"Greenland","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2015.09.002","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials revisited","volume":"45","author":"DerSimonian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Trials"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-016-0821-z","article-title":"Vitamin D Status and the Risk of Recurrent Stroke and Mortality in Ischemic Stroke Patients: Data from a 24-Month Follow-Up Study in China","volume":"21","author":"Qiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2016.06.009","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D predicts early recurrent stroke in ischemic stroke patients","volume":"26","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-016-0846-3","article-title":"Low Serum Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Are Associated with Stroke Recurrence and Poor Functional Outcomes in Patients with Ischemic Stroke","volume":"21","author":"Ji","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"F157","article-title":"Vitamin D","volume":"277","author":"Brown","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.26.7.665","article-title":"Vitamin D in Child Health","volume":"26","author":"Tonney","year":"1936","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health Nations Health"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F8","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00336.2004","article-title":"Vitamin D","volume":"289","author":"Dusso","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803193381201","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D in medical inpatients","volume":"338","author":"Thomas","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2009.135","article-title":"Vitamin D status and arterial hypertension: A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Pilz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirhosseini, N., Vatanparast, H., and Kimball, S.M. (2017). The Association between Serum 25(OH)D Status and Blood Pressure in Participants of a Community-Based Program Taking Vitamin D Supplements. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9111244"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2010.03.042","article-title":"Vitamin D and diabetes","volume":"121","author":"Pittas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2916","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1765","article-title":"Intratrial Exposure to Vitamin D and New-Onset Diabetes Among Adults with Prediabetes: A Secondary Analysis from the Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes (D2d) Study","volume":"43","author":"Staten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt, N., Brandsch, C., K\u00fchne, H., Thiele, A., Hirche, F., and Stangl, G.I. (2012). Vitamin D receptor deficiency and low vitamin D diet stimulate aortic calcification and osteogenic key factor expression in mice. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035316"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Surdu, A.M., P\u00eenzariu, O., Ciobanu, D.M., Negru, A.G., C\u0103inap, S.S., Lazea, C., Iacob, D., S\u0103raci, G., Tirinescu, D., and Borda, I.M. (2021). Vitamin D and Its Role in the Lipid Metabolism and the Development of Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9020172"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2010.02.010","article-title":"Vitamin D and the immune system: New perspectives on an old theme","volume":"39","author":"Hewison","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.12.053","article-title":"Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease: From atherosclerosis to myocardial infarction and stroke","volume":"230","author":"Muscogiuri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2103","article-title":"Vitamin D protects human endothelial cells from oxidative stress through the autophagic and survival pathways","volume":"99","author":"Uberti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"357","author":"Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670245","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.670245","article-title":"Nutritional Supplementation of Naturally Occurring Vitamin D to Improve Hemorrhagic Stroke Outcomes","volume":"12","author":"Ashouri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charoenngam, N., and Holick, M.F. (2020). Immunologic Effects of Vitamin D on Human Health and Disease. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12072097"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2019.07.004","article-title":"Vitamin D for skeletal and non-skeletal health: What we should know","volume":"10","author":"Charoenngam","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Orthop. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.3109\/09537104.2016.1149159","article-title":"Vitamin D levels and high-residual platelet reactivity in patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel or ticagrelor","volume":"27","author":"Verdoia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.11.1174","article-title":"25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of myocardial infarction in men: A prospective study","volume":"168","author":"Giovannucci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2006.12.099","article-title":"1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 actions on cell proliferation, size, gene expression, and receptor localization, in the HL-1 cardiac myocyte","volume":"103","author":"Nibbelink","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab809","article-title":"Non-linear Mendelian randomization analyses support a role for vitamin D deficiency in cardiovascular disease risk","volume":"43","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1517\/14728220903520929","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor: A new risk marker for clinical restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"14","author":"Monraats","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2765","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.808733","article-title":"Plasma parathyroid hormone and the risk of cardiovascular mortality in the community","volume":"119","author":"Hellman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8925","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07373-6","article-title":"Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease risk. A literature overview","volume":"49","author":"Cortese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s40292-014-0060-5","article-title":"Vitamin D and cardiometabolic disorders","volume":"21","author":"Rendina","year":"2014","journal-title":"High Blood Press. Cardiovasc. Prev."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.4065\/81.3.353","article-title":"High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health","volume":"81","author":"Holick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.7326\/M21-3324","article-title":"Vitamin D Deficiency Increases Mortality Risk in the UK Biobank: A Nonlinear Mendelian Randomization Study","volume":"175","author":"Sutherland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1809944","article-title":"Vitamin D Supplements and Prevention of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"380","author":"Manson","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R27","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-18-0432","article-title":"Vitamin D testing and treatment: A narrative review of current evidence","volume":"8","author":"Pilz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr. Connect"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pilz, S., Trummer, C., Theiler-Schwetz, V., Gr\u00fcbler, M.R., Verheyen, N.D., Odler, B., Karras, S.N., Zittermann, A., and M\u00e4rz, W. (2022). Critical Appraisal of Large Vitamin D Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14020303"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaksch, M., Jorde, R., Grimnes, G., Joakimsen, R., Schirmer, H., Wilsgaard, T., Mathiesen, E.B., Nj\u00f8lstad, I., L\u00f8chen, M.L., and M\u00e4rz, W. (2017). Vitamin D and mortality: Individual participant data meta-analysis of standardized 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 26916 individuals from a European consortium. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170791"},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Ross, A.C., Taylor, C.L., Yaktine, A.L., and Del Valle, H.B. (2011). Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D, National Academies Press."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pludowski, P., Takacs, I., Boyanov, M., Belaya, Z., Diaconu, C.C., Mokhort, T., Zherdova, N., Rasa, I., Payer, J., and Pilz, S. (2022). Clinical Practice in the Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency: A Central and Eastern European Expert Consensus Statement. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071483"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.09.014","article-title":"Vitamin D insufficiency: Definition, diagnosis and management","volume":"32","author":"Bouillon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3926","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.032634","article-title":"Mendelian Randomization Focused Analysis of Vitamin D on the Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke","volume":"52","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hypp\u00f6nen, E., Vimaleswaran, K.S., and Zhou, A. (2022). Genetic Determinants of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Their Relevance to Public Health. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14204408"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/3\/512\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:09:55Z","timestamp":1760119795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/3\/512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["nu15030512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15030512","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]}}}