{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:29:46Z","timestamp":1793384986194,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32100905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32100905"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81970354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970354"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020SZ06-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020SZ06-6"]}]},{"name":"Military Key Subject Construction Foundation","award":["32100905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32100905"]}]},{"name":"Military Key Subject Construction Foundation","award":["81970354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970354"]}]},{"name":"Military Key Subject Construction Foundation","award":["2020SZ06-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020SZ06-6"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gut microbiota is the largest and most complex microflora in the human body, which plays a crucial role in human health and disease. Over the past 20 years, the bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and extra-intestinal organs has been extensively studied. A better comprehension of the alternative mechanisms for physiological and pathophysiological processes could pave the way for health. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most common diseases that seriously threatens human health. Although previous studies have shown that cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, hypertension, and coronary atherosclerosis, are closely related to gut microbiota, limited understanding of the complex pathogenesis leads to poor effectiveness of clinical treatment. Dysregulation of inflammation always accounts for the damaged gastrointestinal function and deranged interaction with the cardiovascular system. This review focuses on the characteristics of gut microbiota in CVD and the significance of inflammation regulation during the whole process. In addition, strategies to prevent and treat CVD through proper regulation of gut microbiota and its metabolites are also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T04:22:16Z","timestamp":1674620536000},"page":"607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Inflammatory Response: A Crucial Way for Gut Microbes to Regulate Cardiovascular Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Wen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8209-735X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luo-Jiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, 922th Hospital of PLA, Hengyang 421000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue-Qi","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Wan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Te","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6979-4505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Zhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Cen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914","article-title":"Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease","volume":"377","author":"Ridker","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. 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