{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:45:09Z","timestamp":1791229509467,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016036","name":"Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy by means of the PPP Allowance made available by the Top Sector Life Sciences &amp; Health to stimulate public\u2013private partnerships and by Unilever R&amp;D Wageningen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LSHM15039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSHM15039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016036","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Current guidelines aim to limit the dietary glycemic index (GI) and intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA). Several studies have shown favorable effects of low-GI or low-SFA diets on intrahepatic lipid content (IHL), but these studies were performed under overfeeding conditions or extreme differences in GI or SFA to maximize the contrast between diets. By combining changes in GI and SFA, we can mimic how people can improve their diet in a realistic setting. Objectives: We investigated the effect on liver fat content and substrate metabolism of both reducing GI and replacing SFA with polyunsaturated fat in practically realistic amounts under isocaloric conditions. Design and Methods: In a randomized crossover study, thirteen overweight participants consumed two diets, one high in GI and SFA (high GI\/SFA) and one low in GI and SFA (low GI\/SFA) with identical macronutrient composition, for two weeks each. Diets were equal in caloric content, consisted of habitual food items, and had a macronutrient composition that can be easily achieved in daily life. At the end of each intervention, IHL content\/composition and liver glycogen were measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Additionally, fasted and postprandial hepatic de novo lipogenesis and glycemic and metabolic responses were investigated. Results: IHL was significantly lower (\u221228%) after the two-week low-GI\/SFA diet (2.4 \u00b1 0.5% 95% CI [1.4, 3.4]) than after the two-week high-GI\/SFA diet (3.3 \u00b1 0.6% 95% CI [1.9, 4.7], p &lt; 0.05). Although hepatic glycogen content, hepatic de novo lipogenesis, hepatic lipid composition, and substrate oxidation during the night were similar between the two diets, the glycemic response to the low-GI\/SFA diet was reduced (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Changes in macronutrient quality can already have drastic effects on liver fat content and postprandial glycemia after two weeks and even when energy content and the percentage of total fat and carbohydrate remains unchanged.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T05:04:48Z","timestamp":1675227888000},"page":"735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Replacing Foods with a High-Glycemic Index and High in Saturated Fat by Alternatives with a Low Glycemic Index and Low Saturated Fat Reduces Hepatic Fat, Even in Isocaloric and Macronutrient Matched Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Basset-Sagarminaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kay H. M.","family":"Roumans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bas","family":"Havekes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald P.","family":"Mensink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry P. F.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever Food Innovation Center, Plantage 14, 6708 WJ Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter L.","family":"Zock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever Food Innovation Center, Plantage 14, 6708 WJ Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9e de","family":"Mutsert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0786-8091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Bor\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 428, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Lindeboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0973-847X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Schrauwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera B.","family":"Schrauwen-Hinderling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.109","article-title":"Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: Trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention","volume":"15","author":"Younossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. 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