{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:55:34Z","timestamp":1789480534872,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan","award":["JP19K1865709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19K1865709"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan","award":["JPMJPF2108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJPF2108"]}]},{"name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","award":["JP19K1865709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19K1865709"]}]},{"name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","award":["JPMJPF2108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJPF2108"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Suicide due to postpartum depression is the most common perinatal-related death and is a social concern in Japan. Nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy may contribute to postpartum depression; therefore, we investigated the relationship between postpartum depression and nutritional status during pregnancy and postpartum. We focused specifically on ketone bodies because they are known to protect brain cells. The relationship between the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores and the serum levels of ketone bodies and vitamin D, thyroid function, and iron metabolism was examined. Overall, 126 pregnant women were identified for the study, and 99 were eventually included in the analysis. We defined an EPDS score of \u22659 as being positive for postpartum depression, and serum ketone levels were found to be higher in the group with an EPDS score of \u22659 during the second trimester; however, there were no other significant findings. We may be able to predict postpartum depression from a pregnant woman\u2019s serum ketone levels in the second trimester. There was a positive correlation between the EPDS scores at 3 days and 1 month postpartum (r = 0.534, p &lt; 0.001). EPDS scores assessed in the early postpartum period may be useful for the timely detection of postpartum depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T03:36:57Z","timestamp":1675395417000},"page":"768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Association between Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Serum Levels of Ketone Bodies and Vitamin D, Thyroid Function, and Iron Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kiwamu","family":"Noshiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9236-9945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Umazume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Inubashiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukuzumi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Sapporo 062-0043, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megumi","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukuzumi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Sapporo 062-0043, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayoshi","family":"Hosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukuzumi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Sapporo 062-0043, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidemichi","family":"Watari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"268","article-title":"Recent trends in maternal and postpartum suicide and countermeasures","volume":"5","author":"Takeda","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMA J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20382","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.19m12993","article-title":"Suicide Attempts among Pregnant and postpartum Women in Japan: A nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"81","author":"Shigemi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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