{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:45:20Z","timestamp":1790207120365,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Depression is a leading cause of the global burden of disease and has a multifactorial etiology that includes nutrients. Magnesium status has been associated with depression with inconclusive results. The impact of chronic latent magnesium deficiency (CLMD, 0.75 \u2264 serum magnesium &lt; 0.85 mmol\/L) on depression has not yet been investigated. We assessed the association between serum magnesium levels\/dietary magnesium intake and depressive symptoms by analyzing nationally representative data from Taiwan (Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, NAHSIT). We used the 5-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale to measure depressive symptoms. Subgroup analysis by sex was also performed. Serum magnesium levels had a low correlation with dietary magnesium intake. Higher serum magnesium levels were associated with lower depressive scores and a lower risk of depressive symptoms, but dietary magnesium intake showed no association. Sex differences were found. Compared with subjects with serum magnesium &lt;0.75 mmol\/L, those with \u22650.85 mmol\/L had lower depressive scores. In conclusion, serum magnesium was inversely associated with depressive symptoms, but dietary magnesium intake was not. Subjects with CLMD showed similar depressive scores and were at a similar risk of depressive symptoms to those with serum magnesium &lt; 0.75 mmol\/L. CLMD should be considered while assessing the association between magnesium status and depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T03:36:57Z","timestamp":1675395417000},"page":"774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The Association of Serum and Dietary Magnesium with Depressive Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ming-Hui","family":"Chou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen Kuang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan 700, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3176-4500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung-Der","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2129-4242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung-Ying","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"},{"name":"Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2925-5352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng-Hsiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"},{"name":"Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 35 Siaodong Rd., Tainan 704, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2008). 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