{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:28:40Z","timestamp":1790310520836,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EMMA MDT sp. z o.o."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to answer the question if an IgE-mediated allergy (A-IgE) may occur in subjects with celiac disease (CD), a systematic review was performed of available publications collected in the United States National Institute for Biotechnology Information\/National Institutes of Health\/National Library of Medicine\/PubMed database up to 28 December 2022, with the use of the following keywords \u201callergy&amp;celiac\/coeliac\u201d, \u201csensitization&amp;celiac\/coeliac\u201d, and \u201canaphylaxis&amp;celiac\/coeliac\u201d compared in the form of a conjunction. In total, the search returned 2013 publications from these keywords in any section of the article. As numerous review articles included the above-mentioned entries in the abstract, we decided to focus on the publications with the entries only in the title (n = 63). After rejecting studies unrelated to the topic, narrative reviews, book chapters, conference abstracts, symposium reports, letters to the editor, or non-English articles, 18 publications (6 observational original studies and 12 case reports describing a total of 15 cases of A-IgE developed after a diagnosis of CD) were included to this review. Our study is the first systematic review on allergy occurrence in CD patients. The analysis indicated that the possibility of a coexistence of A-IgE with any food and inhalant allergens in subjects diagnosed with CD should be considered. A sensitization to wheat was the most frequently described in subjects with CD. The clinical manifestation of A-IgE in CD was similar to that in subjects without CD; e.g., with possible atopic dermatitis, vomiting, urticaria, angioedema, or anaphylactic shock. Screening for allergies in subjects with CD should be considered, especially in those cases where symptoms persist after introducing a gluten-free diet. The elimination of wheat from the diet of patients with CD may lead to a loss of immune tolerance and to the development of sensitization, which may even manifest as anaphylaxis. In conclusion, although there are few studies assessing the occurrence of A-IgE in subjects with CD, they show the possibility of a coexistence of both diseases and the high clinical significance of this phenomenon, which indicates the need for further studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15040995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T04:51:46Z","timestamp":1676523106000},"page":"995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["IgE-Dependent Allergy in Patients with Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Emilia","family":"Majsiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Faculty Health of Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 4\/6, 20-081 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Choina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polish-Ukrainian Foundation of Medicine Development, Na\u0142\u0119czowska 14, 20-701 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabela","family":"Knyziak-M\u0119drzycka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Outpatient Allergology Clinic, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5772-5091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna Beata","family":"Bier\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathomorphology, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8163-873X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamil","family":"Janeczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Children Rheumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Profesora Antoniego G\u0119bali Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7695-5474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Wykrota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 15, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6887-0094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo\u017cena","family":"Cukrowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathomorphology, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301346","article-title":"The Oslo definitions for coeliac disease and related terms","volume":"62","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002497","article-title":"European Society Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Guidelines for Diagnosing Coeliac Disease 2020","volume":"70","author":"Husby","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.79","article-title":"ACG clinical guidelines: Diagnosis and management of celiac disease","volume":"108","author":"Hill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aljada, B., Zohni, A., and El-Matary, W. (2021). The Gluten-Free Diet for Celiac Disease and Beyond. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113993"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Majsiak, E., Choina, M., Gray, A.M., Wysoki\u0144ski, M., and Cukrowska, B. (2022). Clinical Manifestation and Diagnostic Process of Celiac Disease in Poland\u2014Comparison of Pediatric and Adult Patients in Retrospective Study. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030491"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Majsiak, E., Choina, M., Golicki, D., Gray, A.M., and Cukrowska, B. (2021). The impact of symptoms on quality of life before and after diagnosis of coeliac disease: The results from a Polish population survey and comparison with the results from the United Kingdom. BMC Gastroenterol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-021-01673-0"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1159\/000527463","article-title":"Anemia in Celiac Disease: Multiple Aspects of the Same Coin","volume":"146","author":"Kokoris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Haematol."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Akdis, C.A., Hellings, P.W., and Agache, I. (2015). Global Atlas of Allergic Rhinitis and Chronic Rhinosinusitis, European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Dougherty, J., Alsayouri, K., and Sadowski, A. (2022, December 21). Allergy, StatPearls [Internet], Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK545237\/."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7505","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i42.7505","article-title":"Intestinal epithelium, intraepithelial lymphocytes and the gut microbiota\u2014Key players in the pathogenesis of celiac disease","volume":"23","author":"Cukrowska","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2608","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.02.063","article-title":"B lymphocytes contribute to celiac disease pathogenesis","volume":"160","author":"Lejeune","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.5223\/pghn.2021.24.5.492","article-title":"Immunogloboulin E-Mediated Food Sensitization in Children with Celiac Disease: A Single-Center Experience","volume":"24","author":"Cudowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., and Altman, D.G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Med., 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.03.012","article-title":"Allergy prevalence in adult celiac disease","volume":"113","author":"Ciacci","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2174\/187221308783399234","article-title":"Allergy after inhalation and ingestion of cereals involve different allergens in allergic and celiac disease","volume":"2","author":"Armentia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Recent Pat. Inflamm. Allergy Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1159\/000512108","article-title":"Celiac Disease and Sensitization to Wheat, Rye, and Barley: Should We Be Concerned?","volume":"182","author":"Lanzarin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21403","DOI":"10.3402\/ijch.v72i0.21403","article-title":"Prevalence and sensitization of atopic allergy and coeliac disease in the Northern Sweden Population Health Study","volume":"72","author":"Enroth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Circumpolar Health"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1159\/000497115","article-title":"Identifying True Celiac Disease and Wheat Allergy in the Era of Fashion Driven Gluten-Free Diets","volume":"179","author":"Spoerl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/1710-1492-10-56","article-title":"IgE-Mediated allergy to wheat in a child with celiac disease\u2014A case report","volume":"10","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12487","article-title":"Wheat allergy in celiac children","volume":"27","author":"Rivero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ricci, G., Andreozzi, L., Cipriani, F., Giannetti, A., Gallucci, M., and Caffarelli, C. (2019). Wheat Allergy in Children: A Comprehensive Update. Medicina, 55.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55070400"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"204","article-title":"Anaphylaxis due to lupine flour in a celiac patient","volume":"17","author":"Rotiroti","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"412","article-title":"IgE-mediated cereal allergy and latent celiac disease","volume":"18","author":"Torres","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"73","article-title":"Eosinophilic esophagitis, celiac disease, and immunoglobulin E-mediated allergy in a 2-year-old child","volume":"21","author":"Escudero","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"356","article-title":"Chronic urticaria in a celiac patient: Role of food allergy","volume":"24","author":"Heffler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.18176\/jiaci.0421","article-title":"Concomitant Celiac Disease and Wheat Allergy: 2 Case Reports","volume":"29","author":"Lombardi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001421","article-title":"Anaphylaxis after wheat ingestion in a patient with coeliac disease: Two kinds of reactions and the same culprit food","volume":"31","author":"Mennini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2014.12.001","article-title":"Fatal anaphylaxis to wheat after gluten-free diet in an adolescent with celiac disease","volume":"64","author":"Dondi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2018.17889","article-title":"In extremis diagnosis of celiac disease and concomitant wheat allergy","volume":"29","author":"Borghini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Turk. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1159\/000489305","article-title":"Celiac Disease and Wheat Allergy: A Growing Association?","volume":"176","author":"Micozzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1986.tb10212.x","article-title":"Late mucosal relapse in a boy with coeliac disease and cow\u2019s milk allergy","volume":"75","author":"Kuitunen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr. Scand."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Hoffmann-Sommergruber, K., de las Vecillas, L., Dramburg, S., Hilger, C., Matricardi, P., and Santos, A.F. (2022). Molecular Allergology User\u2019s Guide 2.0, John Wiley & Sons Ltd."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Majsiak, E., Choina, M., Mi\u015bkiewicz, K., Doniec, Z., and Kurzawa, R. (2021). Oleosins: A Short Allergy Review, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2020_579"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S372928","article-title":"The Precision Allergy Molecular Diagnosis (PAMD@) in Monitoring the Atopic March in a Child with a Primary Food Allergy: Case Report","volume":"15","author":"Szychta","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"33","article-title":"Korzy\u015bci jakie przynosi diagnostyka molekularna w rozpoznawaniu i leczeniu alergii","volume":"79","author":"Choina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alergia"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/4\/995\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:38:07Z","timestamp":1760121487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/4\/995"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["nu15040995"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15040995","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]}}}