{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:14:26Z","timestamp":1791314066027,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,18]],"date-time":"2023-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University in Lublin","award":["450\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["450\/22"]}]},{"name":"Medical University in Lublin","award":["450\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["450\/23"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anorexia nervosa (AN), affecting up to 4% of all females and 0.3% of all males globally, remains the neuropsychiatric disorder with the highest mortality rate. However, the response to the current therapeutic options is rarely satisfactory. Considering the devastating prognosis of survival among patients with AN, further research aimed at developing novel, more effective therapies for AN is essential. Brain and serum tryptophan is mostly converted along the kynurenine pathway into multiple neuroactive derivatives, whereas only 1\u20132% is used for the synthesis of serotonin. This narrative review provides an update on the experimental and clinical research data concerning the metabolism of tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway in anorexia nervosa based on the available literature. We propose that in AN, lower levels of L-kynurenine and kynurenic acid result in diminished stimulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which could contribute to abnormally low body weight. The impact of L-kynurenine supplementation on anorexia in animal models and the effects of changes in tryptophan and downstream kynurenines on the clinical progression of AN require further investigation. Moreover, prospective clinical studies on larger cohorts of restrictive and binge-eating\/purging AN patients and assessing the potential benefit of L-kynurenine as an add-on therapeutic agent, should follow.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15041030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T01:36:37Z","timestamp":1676856997000},"page":"1030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["New Perspective on Anorexia Nervosa: Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway Hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Charl","family":"Alberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8B, 20-059 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Owe-Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Cha\u0142ubi\u0144skiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2704-528X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa M.","family":"Urbanska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8B, 20-059 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000739","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence and mortality of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa","volume":"34","author":"Hoek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. 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