{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T04:11:21Z","timestamp":1792469481800,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves two clinically defined entities, namely Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis. Fecal calprotectin (FCAL) is used as a marker to distinguish between organic IBD and functional bowel disease in disorders of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) spectrum. Food components may affect digestion and cause functional abdominal disorders of the IBS spectrum. In this retrospective study, we report on FCAL testing to search for IBD in 228 patients with disorders of the IBS spectrum caused by food intolerances\/malabsorption. Included were patients with fructose malabsorption (FM), histamine intolerance (HIT), lactose intolerance (LIT), and H. pylori infection. We found elevated FCAL values in 39 (17.1%) of 228 IBS patients with food intolerance\/malabsorption and H. pylori infection. Within these, fourteen patients were lactose intolerant, three showed fructose malabsorption, and six had histamine intolerance. The others had combinations of the above conditions: five patients had LIT and HIT, two patients had LIT and FM, and four had LIT and H. pylori. In addition, there were individual patients with other double or triple combinations. In addition to LIT, IBD was suspected in two patients due to continuously elevated FCAL, and then found via histologic evaluation of biopsies taken during colonoscopy. One patient with elevated FCAL had sprue-like enteropathy caused by the angiotensin receptor-1 antagonist candesartan. When screening for study subjects concluded, 16 (41%) of 39 patients with initially elevated FCAL agreed to voluntarily control FCAL measurements, although symptom-free and -reduced, following the diagnosis of intolerance\/malabsorption and\/or H. pylori infection. After the initiation of a diet individualized to the symptomatology and eradication therapy (when H. pylori was detected), FCAL values were significantly lowered or reduced to be within the normal range.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15051179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T01:59:10Z","timestamp":1677463150000},"page":"1179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Fecal Calprotectin Elevations Associated with Food Intolerance\/Malabsorption Are Significantly Reduced with Targeted Diets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5212-5230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang J.","family":"Schnedl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Auenbruggerplatz 15, A-8036 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"General Internal Medicine Practice, Dr. Theodor K\u00f6rnerstrasse 19b, A-8600 Bruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Michaelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital Hochsteiermark, Vordernberger Stra\u00dfe 42, A-8700 Leoben, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1173-0928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dietmar","family":"Enko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital Hochsteiermark, Vordernberger Stra\u00dfe 42, A-8700 Leoben, Austria"},{"name":"Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 30, A-8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5182-4558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harald","family":"Mangge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 30, A-8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e068947","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-068947","article-title":"The role of faecal calprotectin in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"380","author":"Deputy","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00658-y","article-title":"The metabolic nature of inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"19","author":"Adolph","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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